Although the activated sludge process for stabilizing liquid organic wastes is primarily a biological process, very little research has been conducted on the pure biological phases of this process. Until the work of Butterfield (1935), activated sludge was considered by some as a physio-chemical process and by others as a bio-chemical process. Butterfield isolated a bacterium, Zoogloea ramigera...

Alum treatment of runoff has been used as a stormwater retrofit option for the past 20 years. This technology has evolved from the initial demonstration research projects to a viable retrofit option for urban areas. A considerable amount of data has now been collected on the water quality and ecological impacts of alum treatment systems. Alum treatment of stormwater consistently provides remova...

Pigs (25-45 kg) were fed on either cereal or semi-purified basal diets supplemented with either high or low levels of sugar-beet pulp or wood cellulose (Solka-floc). The apparent digestibility and retention of N and apparent digestibility and metabolizability of energy (GE) and the apparent digestibility of non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) and their constituent monomers were measured during wee...

The impact of coagulant type and dosage on the clarity, zeta potential, floc size, structure a coal slurry suspension was investigated. results showed that critical coagulation concentrations trivalent ions are 0.81 mM 0.018 for coal–coal coal–kaolinite, respectively, which lower than those divalent ions. initial settling more affected by AlCl3 FeCl3 MgCl2 CaCl2, while supernatant turbidity sig...

We present a multi-scale model to study the attachment of spherical particles with a rigid core, coated with binding ligands and suspended in the surrounding, quiescent fluid medium. This class of fluid-immersed adhesion is widespread in many natural and engineering settings, particularly in microbial surface adhesion. Our theory highlights how the micro-scale binding kinetics of these ligands,...

The spatial distribution of planktonic naked amoebae in the waters of a mangrove and estuarine habitat was investigated. Amoebae were grouped either as ‘attached’ (when on suspended flocs) or ‘free’ (when floating in the open water). Consistent with previous studies, amoebae were numerically important in the water column. For example, in mangrove water from south Florida, they averaged 94 640 c...