abstract the current study sets out 1) to investigate the strategic needs of iranian efl learners in reading literary and non-literary texts; 2) to shed some light on the differences between reading literary and non-literary texts; and 3) to specify the differences in the interaction of participants with texts while reading two literary subgenres ( i.e., short story and literary essays). to ...

one of the most important number sequences in mathematics is fibonacci sequence. fibonacci sequence except for mathematics is applied to other branches of science such as physics and arts. in fact, between anesthetics and this sequence there exists a wonderful relation. fibonacci sequence has an importance characteristic which is the golden number. in this thesis, the golden number is observed ...

this thesis attempts to investigate the effects of prelistening activities on enhancing iranian efl learners` listening comprehension. the present study investigated ways in which learners` background knowledge could be activated in order to enhance their l2 listening comprehension by limiting the number of possible text interpretations prior to listening. the experiments conducted in this stud...

In Zagros forest ecosystem, spatial variability of soil and vegetation properties are controlled by series of physical and biological parameters including topographical and anthropogenic factors. Distribution patterns of these properties are greatly variable. In the current study, geostatistics and fractal theory were used to assess the spatial variability of tree canopy and soil bulk density i...

Today, energy is known as one of the main factors for the formation and development of industrial societies And the availability of countries to various energy sources represents their potential for political and economic progress. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to investigate the effect of technology factors on the intensity of energy in 29 provinces of Iran (except for Alborz...

Aboveground biomass (AGB) of forests is an essential component of the global carbon cycle. Mapping above-ground biomass is important for estimating CO2 emissions, and planning and monitoring of forests and ecosystem productivity. Remote sensing provides wide observations to monitor forest coverage, the Landsat 8 mission provides valuable opportunities for quantifying the distribution of above-g...

abstract this study investigated the predictability of variables from a motivational framework as well as individuals qualities to predict three non-linguistic outcomes of language learning. gardners socio-educational model with its measures has been used in the current study. individual qualities presented in this study include (1) age, (2) gender, and (3) language learning experience. the...