In this paper, we present a high accuracy laser range finder and velocimeter using ultra-fast time-to-digital converter (TDC). The system operation is based on the measuring the round-trip time of a narrow laser pulse. A low-dark current high-speed PIN photodiode is used to detect the triggered laser beam and to produce start signal. The pulsed laser diode generates 45W optical power at 30ns du...

A novel device which combines advantages of Silicon Drift Detector and Silicon Avalanche Diode on the same silicon wafer is proposed. Avalanche ampliication is applied to cloud of drifting electrons in order to improve detection of radiation with low energy deposition coeecient. Principle and optimal conditions for the operation of this new detector based on Avalanche Ampliier are discussed.

Novel theory is developed for the avalanche multiplication process in avalanche photodiodes (APDs) under time-varying reverse-biasing conditions. Integral equations are derived characterizing the statistics of the multiplication factor and the impulse-response function of APDs, as well as their breakdown probability, all under the assumption that the electric field driving the avalanche process...

Two-dimensional avalanche simulation software operating in three-dimensional terrain is widely used for hazard zoning and engineering to predict runout distances and impact pressures of snow avalanche events. Mountain forests are an effective biological protection measure against avalanches; however, the protective capacity of forests to decelerate or even to stop avalanches that start within f...

We introduce the standard distribution width of fitness to characterize the global and individual features of a ecosystem in the Bak-Sneppen evolution model. Through tracking this quantity in evolution, a different hierarchy of avalanche dynamics, w0 avalanche is observed. The corresponding gap equation and the self-organized threshold wc are obtained. The critical exponents τ, γ and ρ, which d...

A necessary and sufficient condition on the Walsh-spectrum of a boolean function is given, which implies that this function fulfills the Strict Avalanche Crit,erion. This condition is shown to be f W e d for a class of functions exhibiting simple spectral symmetries. Finally, an extended definition of the Strict Avalanche Criterion is proposed and the corresponding spectral characterization is ...

We demonstrate a nanopillar (NP) device structure for implementing plasmonically enhanced avalanche photodetector arrays with thin avalanche volumes (∼ 310 nm × 150 nm × 150 nm). A localized 3D electric field due to a core-shell PN junction in a NP acts as a multiplication region, while efficient light absorption takes place via surface plasmon polariton Bloch wave (SPP-BW) modes due to a self-...

The analysis and optimization of the npvnp avalanche diode have been realized on basis of the nonlinear model and special optimization procedure. This type of the diode that was named as Double Avalanche Region (DAR) IMPATT diode includes two avalanche regions inside the diode. The phase delay which was produced by means of the two avalanche regions and the drift region v is sufficient to obtai...