Chloride homeostasis has a pivotal role in controlling neuronal excitability in the adult brain and during development. The intracellular concentration of chloride is regulated by the dynamic equilibrium between passive fluxes through membrane conductances and the active transport mediated by importers and exporters. In cortical neurons, chloride fluxes are coupled to network activity by the op...

BACKGROUND Channelopathies, defined as diseases that are caused by mutations in genes encoding ion channels, are associated with a wide variety of symptoms and have been documented extensively over the past decade. In contrast, despite the important role of chloride in serum, textbooks in general do not allocate chapters exclusively on hypochloremia or hyperchloremia and information on chloride...

In this paper, the influence of fly ash content on concrete surface chloride concentration was investigated through periodical tests of surface chloride concentration of concrete by immersing three kinds of concrete specimens in 5.0 wt.% sodium chloride solution. One kind of specimen is common concrete without fly ash, whereas the other two kinds of specimens are mixed with fly ash. The results...

In the title mol-ecular salt [systematic name: 3-(5H-dibenzo[a,d]cyclo-hepten-5-yl-idene)-N,N-dimethyl-propan-aminium chloride], C(20)H(22)N(+)·Cl(-), two cation-anion pairs make up the asymmetric unit. The dihedral angles between the mean planes of the two fused benzene rings of the cation are 49.5 (1) and 50.9 (1)°. The cystal packing is stabilized by N-H⋯Cl hydrogen bonds and weak C-H⋯Cl int...

IN THE TITLE COMPOUND [SYSTEMATIC NAME: 3-(10,10-dimethyl-anthracen-9-yl-idene)-N,N,N-trimethyl-propanaminium chlor-ide], C(21)H(26)N(+)·Cl(-), the cyclo-hexane ring adopts a chair conformation. The dihedral angle between the terminal benzene rings is 40.43 (12)°. In the crystal, ions are linked through inter-molecular N-H⋯Cl and C-H⋯Cl hydrogen bonds, forming supra-molecular layers parallel to...