Ten species of nonhuman primates in West African habitat were analysed for variolavaccinia subgroup haemagglutination-inhibition (HI) and neutralization antibodies. The animals were taken in 27 different sampling zones in parts of the Ivory Coast, Mali, and Upper Volta. Of the 195 tested, 15 (8%) had elevated HI antibodies after nonspecific reactions were reduced with potassium periodate pretre...

A simple and sensitive kinetic spectrophotometric method for the determination of trace amounts of cerium (IV), based on the catalytic effect of Ce (IV) on the oxidation of Nile blue (NB) by potassium periodate is described. The reaction rate was monitored spectrophotometrically by measuring the decrease in absorbance of NB at 636 nm. The detection limit of the method was 0.15 g ml and the line...

1. Particulate enzyme preparations obtained from Bacillus stearothermophilus B65 by digestion with lysozyme were shown to catalyse teichoic acid synthesis. With CDP-glycerol as sole substrate the preparations synthesized 1,3-poly(glycerol phosphate). It was characterized by alkaline hydrolysis, by glucosylation to the alkali-stable 2-glucosyl-1,3-poly(glycerol phosphate) with excess of UDP-gluc...

To eliminate toxic formaldehyde from wood-based panels, a new formaldehyde-free wood adhesive (named OL/PEI adhesive) was synthesized by reaction of oxidized lignin (OL) and polyethylenimine (PEI) in the presence sodium periodate. The curing mechanism clarified Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) solid-state cross-polarization magic angle spinning carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance...

Coulometric titrations of mineral acids, sulphonic acids, carboxylic acids, enols, imides and phenols have been carried out in t-butanol or in acetone with electrically generated tetrabutylammonium hydroxide. Either a potentiometric titration or a visual indicator end-point may be used. The amount of acid titrated ranges from 10 to 60 muequiv, and the precision and accuracy of the method are ex...

Platelet crystals of a layered perovskite showed massive accordion-like swelling in a tetrabutylammonium hydroxide solution. The permeation of the solution induced the huge expansion of the interlayer spacing as well as the crystal thickness up to 50-fold, leading to a very high water content of >90 wt%.

A series of tetrakis(1H-pyrrole-2-carbaldehyde) receptors (2, 4, and 6) were synthesized in two steps from commercially available starting materials. The anion binding properties of these receptors can be tuned through electronic switching to stabilize a conformation displaying high affinity for the dihydrogenphosphate and pyrophosphate anions (as the tetrabutylammonium salts) in chloroform.

Esterification of several types of monoand disubstituted phenols with various monoand dialkanoyl chlorides was performed in phase-transfer catalysis conditions, using tetrabutylammonium chloride in a mixture of aqueous NaOH and dichloromethane. The process is particularly efficient (almost quantitative yields) as well as rapid (only 5 min reaction time, at a temperature of 0 C).

A convenient method for the preparation of alkynes and alkynyl esters from ketones and β-keto esters is described which involves the formation of vinyl triflates, followed by elimination with tetrabutylammonium fluoride trihydrate, to give alkynes. Unlike established elimination methods, the method requires neither a strong base nor anhydrous conditions.