Background: Male infertility is responsible for approximately 50% of infertility in the world. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) is one of the causative agents of infertility in males which effects on sperm quality and function. In this study, the effects of oxidative stress induced by tertiary-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) were investigated on sperm quality, testis tissue and miRNAs expression. Mater...

background fluoxetine (flx), a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, is widely used in the treatment of neurological disorders. however, its application carries the risk of adverse reactions, including reproductive toxicities. grape seed is highly regarded for its pharmacological activities, specifically its antioxidant properties. objectives this study was designed to evaluate whether hydroa...

introduction: anabolic – androgenic steroids (aas) are used at high doses by athletes for improving athletic ability, muscle mass and physical appearance. unfortunately, the abuse of these agents has been significantly increased. it has been established that exercise and high doses of aas may influence the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, which can in turn affect testicular apoptosis and ma...

in this review, we aim to examine the effect of extrinsic and intrinsic factors on spermatogenesis process taking into account a complex signaling pathway. primarily, it is suggested that retinoic acid (ra) has a vital function in spermatogenesis process and it is considered to be essential for completion of spermatogonia into mature spermatozoa. in the present review, the key effects of retino...

background: heroin as opium is being used in two pure and impure forms with known disastrous effects on different body organs including genital system. the aim of this study was to determine the changes in testosterone secretion, the percentage of fertility, changes of the body and testis weight, and gonado somatic index in mice (ballb/c). materials and methods: a total of 90 adult male and fem...

cyclophosphamide (cp) is extensively used as an antineoplastic agent for the treatment of various cancers, as well as an immunosuppressive agent. however, despite its wide spectrum of clinical uses, cp is known to cause several adverse effects including reproductive toxicity. crataegus monogyna is one of the oldest pharmaceutical plants that have been shown to be cytoprotective by scavenging fr...

Sertoli cells play a significant role in regulating fetal testis compartmentalization to generate testis cords and interstitium during development. The Sertoli cell Wilms' tumor 1 (Wt1) gene, which encodes ~24 zinc finger-containing transcription factors, is known to play a crucial role in fetal testis cord assembly and maintenance. However, whether Wt1 regulates fetal testis compartmentalizati...

Background: Undescended testes are a common problem, affecting up to 3% of newborn males. The goals of orchiopexy in humans are to provide adequate scrotal fixation, to prevent recurrent torsion of the testis and spermatic cord or ascent of the testis, and to achieve these goals with minimal trauma to the testis. The best method of achieving fixation remains controversial. Purpose: The aim of o...

Spermatogenesis is a highly coordinated physiological process that requires the correct expression and functions of thousands of developmentally regulated genes. The regulation of spermatogenesis is not well defined, since majority of the related genes have neither been identified nor fully characterized. Hence, it is meaningful to identify and characterize these genes to reveal the mechanism u...

We have examined the expression and function of heat shock transcription factor 2 (HSF2) in spermatogenic cells of mouse testis. The results of in situ RNA hybridization analysis, RNA filter hybridization, and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis indicate that HSF2 mRNA expression in testis is subject to developmental and cell type-dependent, as well as stage-depend...