Purpose: Estrogen exposure has been linked to a risk for the development of testicular germ cell cancers. The effects of estrogen are now known to be mediated by estrogen receptor (ER)and receptor subtypes, but only ERhas been found in human normal testis. The goal of the present study was to compare the localization and expression levels of these ER subtypes in testicular germ cell cancers (se...

Carcinoma in situ (CIS) is the common precursor of histologically heterogeneous testicular germ cell tumors (TGCTs), which in recent decades have markedly increased and now are the most common malignancy of young men. Using genome-wide gene expression profiling, we identified >200 genes highly expressed in testicular CIS, including many never reported in testicular neoplasms. Expression was fur...

INTRODUCTION Radical orchiectomy (RO) is still considered the standard of care for malignant germ cell tumours, which represent the vast majority of the palpable testicular masses. In those patients diagnosed with small testicular masses (STMs), testis-sparing surgery (TSS) could be an alternative treatment to RO. The aim of this updated review is to evaluate the current indications for TSS, an...

The “male factor” accounts for half of the causes childlessness among married couples; in order to understand etiopathogenetic mechanisms these spermatogenesis disorders, it is necessary create animal models, includ- ing with use radiation. In addition, clinical practice, methods radiation therapy are successfully used treatment malignant neoplasms. Given increase number testicular neoplasms, i...

OBJECTIVES We have synthesized the principal advances in the field of the study of epigenetics and specifically DNA methylation regarding the diagnosis of urological neoplasms. ACQUISITION OF EVIDENCE Review of the literature (PubMed, MEDLINE and Cochrane) on the study of DNA methylation in urological neoplasms (prostate cancer, bladder cancer, renal cancer and testicular cancer), considering...

The incidence of secondary testicular tumors ranges from 0.02 to 2.5% among autopsies in general. With the exception of leukemias and lymphomas, prostate cancer is the most common primary site. It is diagnosed in autopsies or incidentally, following therapeutic orchiectomies in more advanced stages of the disease. In the present report, we show a case of testicular metastasis derived from prost...

BACKGROUND Testicular descent in boys is now routinely screened only once, at 6-8 weeks of age. Early surgery for undescended testes is recommended. AIM To assess the value of screening for testicular descent at 6-8 weeks, 8-9 months, and 39-42 months of age. DESIGN OF STUDY Observational study. SETTING Royal Hospital for Sick Children, Glasgow and the Scottish community-based Child Healt...

tum and silk-worm gut sutures were introduced. I made 110 attempt to deal radically with the hydrocele which had been reduced (i.e., the fluid) previous to operation, and which has not since reappeared. The doughy swelling referred to was also untouched. From 16th May (operation) till 22nd all went well, then the temperature began to fluctuate, and the doughy swelling rapidly increased in size,...