For component-based software development to be successful in organizations, the software developers must give close attention to the design of components as independent abstractions with well-specified behaviors. Without well-specified behaviors the possibility to distribute and acquire software components will be limited. In this article, we present a contract-based approach to analyze and mod...

this study aimed to examine cross-cultural differences in performing refusal of requests between persian native speakers (pnss) and english native speakers (enss) in terms of the frequency of the semantic formulas. also examined in this study was whether persian efl learners would transfer their l1 refusal patterns into the l2, and if there would be a relation between their proficiency level an...

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is most common chronic disease characteristic by carbohydrate metabolic disorder in which absolute or relative deficiency insulin and various pathological changes the body system. The central nervous system disorders among affected toxic effect hyperglycemia. Auditory temporal processing one of important abilities may be diabetes. However, extent nature manifesta...

We present two new classes of pattern search algorithms for unconstrained minimization: the rank ordered and the positive basis pattern search methods. These algorithms can nearly halve the worst case cost of an iteration compared to the classical pattern search algorithms. The rank ordered pattern search methods are based on a heuristic for approximating the direction of steepest descent, whil...

The nature of radiotherapy accelerators is briefly explained. It is argued that these complex safety-critical systems need a systematic basis for testing their software. The paper describes a novel application of protocol specification and testing methods to radiotherapy accelerators. It is explained that the accelerator control system is specified using LOTOS (Language Of Temporal Ordering Spe...

This paper presents a method to generate, analyse and represent test cases from protocol specification. The language of temporal ordering specification (LOTOS) is mapped into an extended finite state machine (EFSM). Test cases are generated from EFSM. The generated test cases are modelled as a dependence graph. Predicate slices are used to identify infeasible test cases that must be eliminated....

The biopolymers actin and microtubules are often in an ongoing assembling-disassembling state far from thermal equilibrium. Above a critical density this leads to spatially periodic patterns, as shown by a scaling argument and in terms of a phenomenological continuum model, which meets also Onsager's statistical theory of the nematic-to-isotropic transition in the absence of reaction kinetics. ...