this paper examines the impact of government expenditure on the nigerian economy for the period 1983 - 2012. the government expenditure components used as the explanatory variables in the model are: expenditures on health, education, defense, agriculture and transportation and communication. the gross domestic product (gdp) was used as a parameter for measuring economic growth. in order to esta...

In cointegration analysis, it is customary to test the hypothesis of unit roots separately for each single time series. In this note, we point out that this procedure may imply large size distortion of the unit root tests if the DGP is a VAR. It is well-known that univariate models implied by a VAR data generating process necessarily have a finite order MA component. This feature may explain wh...

We propose a unit root test for panels with cross-sectional dependency. We allow general dependency structure among the innovations that generate data for each of the cross-sectional units. Each unit may have di®erent sample size, and therefore unbalanced panels are also permitted in our framework. Yet, the test is asymptotically normal, and does not require any tabulation of the critical value...

In this article, we introduce the command bsrwalkdrift, which is primarily intended to perform a bootstrap unit-root test under null hypothesis of random walk with drift. The method implemented in considerably more precise than corresponding case conventional augmented Dickey–Fuller test, can be inaccurate when true value drift term small relative standard deviation innovations. also has an opt...