Due to the difficult nature of Machine Learning, it has often been looked at in the context of " t o y " domains or in more realistic domains with simplifying assumptions. We propose an integrated learning approach that combines Explanation-Based and Similarity-Based Learning methods to make learning in an inherently complex domain feasible. We discuss the use of explanations for Similarity-Bas...

Hidden terrorist cells in high dimensional communications networks arise when terrorists camouflage connectivity to appear randomly connected to the background network. We investigate hidden network detectability when the background network does not support terrorist activities. Using two September 11 terrorist networks as the test bed and a network measure called assortativity, we suggest hidd...

The advisory feasibility of Social Network Analysis (SNA) to study social networks have encouraged the law enforcement and security agencies to investigate the terrorist network and its behavior along with key players hidden in the web. The study of the terrorist network, utilizing SNA approach and Graph Theory where the network is visualized as a graph, is termed as Investigative Data Mining o...

Many models have been developed to study homeland security games between governments (defender) and terrorists (attacker, adversary, enemy), with the limiting assumption of the terrorists being rational or strategic. In this paper, we develop a novel hybrid model in which a centralized government allocates defensive resources among multiple potential targets to minimize total expected loss, in ...

BACKGROUND Psychological distress following disaster events may increase the risk of sudden cardiac death. In 2001, the Nisqually earthquake and the 11 September terrorist attacks profoundly affected Washington state residents. HYPOTHESIS This research investigated the theory that the incidence of sudden cardiac death would increase following these disaster events. METHODS Death certificate...

BACKGROUND The terrorist explosions of the World Trade Center in New York City and the other events on the Pentagon and in Pennsylvania on 11 September 2001 were stressful events that affected people around the world. Pregnant women and their offspring are especially vulnerable during and after such a terrorist attack. The objective was to systematically review the risks of adverse pregnancy ou...

Terrorist attacks routinely produce rallies for incumbent men in the executive office. With scarce cases, there has been little consideration of terrorism’s consequences evaluations sitting women executives. Fusing research on with scholarship politics, we derive a gender-revised framework wherein public will be less inclined to rally around when terrorists attack. A critical case is UK Prime M...

Indications and Warning (I&W) of terrorist attacks, particularly IED attacks, require detection of networks of agents and patterns of behavior. Social Network Analysis tries to detect a network; activity analysis tries to detect anomalous activities. This work builds on both to detect elements of an activity model of terrorist attack activity – the agents, resources, networks, and behaviors. Th...

BACKGROUND Smoking is one of the varied psychological reactions to stress. This study examined the rate and changes in cigarette smoking among former Gaza and current West Bank Jewish settlers subjected to direct and indirect terrorist attacks during the Al-Aksa Intifada. The relationship with degree of religious observance and emotional distress was explored as well. METHODS In this cross-se...

Although the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks were the largest human-made disaster in US history, there is little extant research documenting the attacks' consequences among those most directly affected, that is, persons who were in the World Trade Center towers. Data from a cross-sectional survey conducted 2-3 years after the attacks ascertained the prevalence of long-term, disaster-relat...