We explore states’ decisions to escalate disputes over their territorial claims or settle them peacefully. We complement existing arguments by accounting for the fact that states are often simultaneously entangled in multiple territorial claims. We build on previous scholarship in positing that two states involved in a territorial dispute will act based on information they glean from each other...

In mammals, a low molecular mass protein (17-20 KDa) reported from the pheromone sources such as urine, saliva, glandular secretion, etc., as ligand-carrier (pheromone carrier) has been associated with chemo-communication. Since the preorbital gland post is one of the major pheromone sources in Indian Blackbuck, an endangered species, we assumed that it possibly contains low molecular mass prot...

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2016.01.008 0003-3472/© 2016 The Association for the Study of A In many species, aggressive individuals outcompete their less aggressive conspecifics for resources such as food and access to mates. Nevertheless, variation in aggression is maintained in populations, but the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. Here we tested the hypothesis that aggre...

Male jacky dragons, Amphibolurus muricatus, indicate territoriality to rivals during the mating season through the use of stereotyped motor displays. The relationship between corticosterone (B) and testosterone (T) and its effects on territorial display expression were investigated in captive lizards. Results demonstrated that territorial display production was most effectively predicted by ele...

The life-history trade-off between self-maintenance and reproduction posits that investment in one function decreases investment in the other. Manipulating the costs and benefits of functions involved in a trade-off may alter this interaction. Here we ask whether investment in self-maintenance during a stress response alters territorial behavior in wild Dark-eyed Juncos and whether rural and ur...

Abstract Over the last decade, there has been a spate of incidents in Canada and United States involving Saudi Arabian nationals who, while out on bail for predominantly sexual crimes, were able to abscond from countries despite having surrendered their passports. Investigation revealed evidence supporting reasonable inference that government Arabia has, fact, assisted its escape these occasion...

The Territorial Sea Baseline (TSB) allows coastal states to define the maritime boundaries, such as: contiguous zone, continental shelf, exclusive economic zone and territorial sea. Their delimitations determine what rights (jurisdiction sovereignty) a given state is entitled to. For many years, problem of delimiting baseline was considered in two aspects: legal (lack clear-cut regulations diff...

Territorial control is a key aspect shaping the dynamics of civil war. Despite its importance, we lack data on territorial control that are fine-grained enough to account for subnational spatio-temporal variation and that cover a large set of conflicts. To resolve this issue, we propose a theoretical model of the relationship between territorial control and tactical choice in civil war and outl...