In the past decade, reading has moved massively from printed paper to digital displays. Thus far, large-scale surveys have not shown clear-cut effects of ICT use on literacy. This study addresses impact per country increases in online chatting, using data worldwide PISA 2009 and 2018 covering 63 countries. During that period, chatting increased substantially nearly every country, but rate incre...

in this study, we aimed to reconstruct the mean, maximum mean and ‎minimum mean temperature from the chronology of tree rings width of two ‎quercus persica sites in dena region, where efficient climatic data have a ‎short period (1982-2011). the duration of common chronology of the sites ‎is 131 years (1881-2011).considering the strong correlation between ‎climatic data and growth rin...

introduction: air temperature as an important climatic factor can influence variability and distribution of other climatic parameters. therefore, tracking the changes in air temperature is a popular procedure in climate change studies.. according to the national academy in the last decade, global temperature has raised 0.4 to 0.8⁰c. instrumental records show that, with the exception of 1998, th...

Research using data for the United States has pointed towards a long-term pattern of falling migration rates. Similar research in England and Wales also found declining rates when observing all migrants. Using Office National Statistics Longitudinal Study (ONS LS), we study patterns observed over 10-year periods persons birth cohorts each intercensal period from 1971–1981 through to 2001–2011. ...

In this study, we examined the long-term spatiotemporal trend of marine heatwaves (MHW) and cold spells (MCS) characteristics in southern North Sea over last four decades (1982-2021). We then estimated difference between their annual mean values possible relationship with large-scale climate modes natural sea surface temperature (SST) atmospheric variability using satellite SST data. The warmin...