A total of 106 Penicillium species were tested to examine their ability of degrading cellobiose, pectin and xylan. The activity of β-glucosidase was generally strong in all the Penicillium species tested. P. citrinum, P. charlesii, P. manginii and P. aurantiacum showed the higher ability of producing β-glucosidase than other tested species. Pectinase activity was detected in 24 Penicillium spec...

Liparis lili/olia (L.) Richard and Tipularia discolor (Pursh) Nutall. are common terrestrial orchids in deciduous forests of eastern North America. Although the species have different breeding systems, fruit production in both species is pollinator limited. Liparis is self-incompatible while Tipularia is selfcompatible but anther cap retention promotes outcrossing. Annual variation in the numbe...

Bats quickly navigate through a highly structured environment relying on echolocation. Large natural objects in the environment, like bushes or trees, produce complex stochastic echoes, which can be characterized by the echo roughness. Previous work has shown that bats can use echo roughness to classify the stochastic properties of natural objects. This study provides both psychophysical and el...

Gordon and Smith (1) reported that leaves of Rhoeo discolor, although insusceptible to infection by whole tobacco mosaic virus, become infected when inoculated with the virus ribonucleic acid. If established, this would be perhaps the strongest possible circumstantial evidence that infection by tobacco mosaic virus necessarily entails the ribonucleic acid separating from the protein and that so...

Abstract An update of the nomenclature 49 Caribbean Island‐occurring taxa Plumeria (Apocynaceae: Plumerieae) is presented. We designate lectotypes for following 29 names: alba var. jacquiniana , P. apiculata barahonensis beatensis berteroi biglandulosa confusa cuneifolia dictyophylla discolor domingensis gibbosa inaguensis jaegeri jamaicensis krugii leuconeura longiflora marchii obtusa laevis p...