The decomposition of organic matter is a fundamental ecosystem-level process that governs nutrient cycling, fuels ecosystems, and impacts our global climate. Despite the central importance this for ecosystems across planet, little known about how capacity to decompose matter—that is, their potential—varies time space. Closing gap needed provide baseline information on dynamics tracking anthropo...

Temporal variation in selection is typically evaluated by estimating and comparing selection coefficients in natural populations. Meta-analyses of these coefficients have yielded important insights, but selection coefficients are limited in several respects, including low statistical power, imperfect fitness surrogates, and uncertainty regarding consequences for trait change. A complementary ap...

Cortical neurons can exhibit significant variation in their responses to the same sensory stimuli, as reflected by the reliability and temporal precision of spikes. However the synaptic mechanism underlying response variation still remains unclear. Here, in vivo whole-cell patch-clamp recording of excitatory neurons revealed variation in the amplitudes as well as the temporal profiles of excita...

background: temporal variation of stroke onset is suggested in some studies contained somewhat varieties. it is proposed that some predisposing changes occur in some ascertained times consequently resulted in stroke occurrence in some special times. objective: to determine the circadian and circaseptan variation of stroke onset. materials and methods: this cross sectional study was conducted fr...

Disturbances are expected to increase variability and/or decrease predictability in ecosystems, while dispersal (or immigration) may have positive or negative effects on ecosystem stability. We conducted a mesocosm experiment with pelagic zooplankton to examine the independent and interactive effects of a nutrient pulse and immigration from neighbouring lakes on (a) temporal variation in the me...

distribution of magnetic fields in the quiet-sun internetwork areas has been affected by weak polarization (in particular stokes q and u) signals. to improve the signal-to-noise ratio (snr) of the weak polarization signals, several approaches, including temporal integrations, have been proposed in the literature. in this study, we aim to investigate a proper temporal-integration time with which...

Temporal variation in selection can be generated by temporal variation in either the fitness surface or phenotypic distributions around a static fitness surface, or both concurrently. Here, we use within- and between-generation sampling of fitness surfaces and phenotypic distributions over 2 years to investigate the causes of temporal variation in the form of sexual selection on body size in th...

OBSERVATIONS ON TEMPORAL VARIATION IN MONOSYNAPTIC REFLEX RESPONSE IN THE ACUTELY DECAPITATE CAT INDICATE THE FOLLOWING: 1. Frequency distribution of response amplitude has a nearly normal form often with some degree of negative skewness. Response variation differs only moderately in form and magnitude from one preparation to another. 2. Temporal variation remains essentially constant at differ...

Here we report the temporal variation of Titan's emitted energy with the Cassini/CIRS observations. In the northern hemisphere, the hemispheric-average emitted power decreased from 2007 to 2009 and increased from 2009 to 2012-13, which make the net change insignificant (0.1 ± 0.2%) during the period 2007-2013. The decrease from 2007 to 2009 is mainly due to the cooling around the stratospause, ...