In this study, temporal trend analysis was conducted on the annual and quarterly meteorological variables of Lanzhou from 1951 to 2016, a weighted Markov model for extremely high temperature prediction constructed. Several non-parametric methods were used analyse variables. Considering that sequence autocorrelation may affect accuracy test, we performed an test carried out sequences with after ...

[1] Increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases are expected on theoretical grounds to lead to a cooling of the upper atmosphere. Due to the close thermal coupling of the neutral and ionized components of the upper atmosphere the effects of this cooling are also expected to be seen in the ionospheric ion temperature. Long-term satellite observations of neutral density show a trend consistent ...

Based on counts of record highs and lows, and employing reversibility in time, an approach to examining natural variability is proposed. The focus is on intrinsic variability; that is, variance separated from the trend in the mean. A variability index a is suggested and studied for an ensemble of monthly temperature time series around the globe. Deviation of hai (mean a) from zero, for an ensem...

Recent research has suggested that changes in temperature and precipitation events due to climate change have had a significant impact on the availability and timing of streamflow. In this study, monthly temperature and precipitation data collected over 29 climate divisions covering the entire Colorado River basin and monthly natural flow data from 29 U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) gauge locatio...

Aim To examine the global pattern of the net primary production (NPP)/gross primary production (GPP) ratio of the Earth’s land area along geographical and climatic gradients. Location The global planetary ecosystem. Methods The 4-year average annual NPP/GPP ratio of the Earth’s land area was calculated using 2000–03 Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data. The global pattern ...

In this study, the air temperature data obtained from “State Meteorological Service”, including 58 stations in Turkey for a period of 45 years between 19501994, was investigated. By using the yearly average temperatures, temperature time series were formed for mean temperatures for 58 stations. Gaussian smoothing, Mann-Kendall rank correlation and Wald-Wolfowitz serial correlation tests were ap...

[1] Several global quantities are computed from the ERA40 reanalysis for the period 1958–2001 and explored for trends. These are discussed in the context of changes to the global observing system. Temperature, integrated water vapor (IWV), and kinetic energy are considered. The ERA40 global mean temperature in the lower troposphere has a trend of +0.11 K per decade over the period of 1979–2001,...