Over the past decades, the incidence of transfusion-transmitted diseases has been dramatically reduced. These reductions have been due to a multifocal approach to the collection, processing, and release of blood components. The estimated risks of transfusion-transmitted hepatitis viruses are now extremely small, but the possibility of infections with emerging pathogens always exists because pre...

When comparing the average citation impact of research groups, universities and countries, field normalisation reduces the influence of discipline and time. Confidence intervals for these indicators can help with attempts to infer whether differences between sets of publications are due to chance factors. Although both bootstrapping and formulae have been proposed for these, their accuracy is u...

Ecological indicators can be used to assess the condition of the environment, to provide an early warning signal of changes in the environment, or to diagnose the cause of an environmental problem. Ideally the suite of indicators should represent key information about structure, function, and composition of the ecological system. Three concerns hamper the use of ecological indicators as a resou...

in the temperature range of 10 to 80 ºc and in a batch digester, a typical activated sludge was digested aerobically. reaction rate constants were determined by measuring the amounts of volatiles removed from the suspended solids at different time intervals during the process. the maximum value of the reaction rate constant (0.45 d-1) occurred in the temperature range of 55-60˚c. removal of ind...

The breakage-fusion-bridge cycle is a classical mechanism of telomere-driven genome instability in which dysfunctional telomeres are fused to other chromosomal extremities, creating dicentric chromosomes that eventually break at mitosis. Here, we uncover a distinct pathway of telomere-driven genome instability, specifically occurring in cells that maintain telomeres with the alternative lengthe...

oxygen delivery per unit of TTI was significantly lowered and Endo ECGs showed ischemia (ST elevation) when Endo/Epi flow ratios (microsphere method) fell below 1.0 (P < 0.001). Ischemia occurred without anemia (Hgb > 10 g %) in severe aortic stenosis; with mild anemia (Hgb 5-10 g %) and mild aortic stenosis; and with severe anemia (Hgb < 5 g %) without aortic stenosis. Ischemic Endo ECGs occur...

Outer block interleaving improves the performance of turbo codes in correlated Rayleigh fading channels. The longer the outer interleaver, the better is the performance, with the penalty of more delay. Power could be saved by choosing the optimum interleaver for different operating environments. In this paper the four possible outer block interleaver lengths specified for 3GPP are examined for ...

Abstract As the UK reopened after first wave of COVID-19 epidemic, crucial questions emerged around role for ongoing interventions, including test-trace-isolate (TTI) strategies and mandatory masks. Here we assess importance masks in secondary schools by evaluating their impact over September 1–October 23, 2020. We show that, assuming TTI levels from August 2020 no fundamental changes virus’s t...

Variable-temperature lH NMR spectroscopy of the region between 13 and 16 ppm can be used in the conformational analysis of hydrogen-bonded aggregates comprising 1 equiv-of a trismelamine (hub(M)s) and 3 equiv of an isocyanuric acid (CA). T*o typer of isomersare obsenred: a symmetric C3 isomer (identified by two lines in this spectral region at low temperature) and an asymmetric C1 isomer (ident...