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A dry snow pack is viewed as an interacting mixture of rigid ice grains and air occupying the pore space in the matrix. The three-dimensional mass, momentum and energy balances are formulated within the framework of interacting continua theory. The assumption of a common ice and air temperature is made to reflect the very slow relative motion between the air and ice. Focusing on a one-dimension...

We present a new holographic concept, named six-pack holography (6PH), in which we compress six off-axis holograms into a single multiplexed off-axis hologram without loss of magnification or resolution. The multiplexed hologram contains straight off-axis fringes with six different orientations, and can be generated optically or digitally. We show that since the six different complex wavefronts...

People eat more from large than from small packs, which is known as the pack size effect. We hypothesized that providing a serving size recommendation would reduce the influence of the pack size on consumption and would thus diminish the pack size effect. Moreover, we hypothesized that a pictorial serving size recommendation, displaying food amounts visually, would be more effective than a non-...

BACKGROUND Based on current recommendations, 30+ pack-years of smoking are required for eligibility for low-dose CT (LDCT) lung cancer screening; former smokers must have quit within 15 years. We investigated whether current smokers with 20 to 29 pack-years have similar lung cancer risks as eligible former smokers and also whether they have a different demographic profile. METHODS The Prostat...

INTRODUCTION Although previous studies found that cigarette smoking is associated with risk of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), the dose-response relationship remains unclear. This meta-analysis quantitatively summarizes accumulated evidence regarding the association of lifelong exposure to cigarette smoking assessed as pack-years with the risk of RA. METHODS Relevant studies were identified by a s...

AIMS We observed tobacco pack display and smoking at outdoor venues over three summers to assess changes in their prevalence following Australia's introduction of plain tobacco packaging with larger pictorial health warnings. METHODS Between January and April 2012 (preplain packaging (PP)), 2013 (early post-PP) and 2014 (1 year post-PP), we counted patrons, smokers and tobacco packs at cafés,...

OBJECTIVE To determine the effect of quantity of ice and contact area on ice pack/skin interface temperature during a 20-minute cooling period. DESIGN Repeated measures. SETTING Laboratory setting in an educational institution. PARTICIPANTS Twenty healthy males aged between 18 and 22 years. INTERVENTIONS An ice pack was applied to the right thigh with compression using an elastic bandag...

PURPOSE To investigate the efficacy and safety of corneal collagen cross-linking (CXL) with photoactivated riboflavin (photoactivated chromophore for infectious keratitis [PACK]-CXL) in the management of infectious keratitis with corneal melting. DESIGN Prospective clinical trial. PARTICIPANTS Forty eyes from 40 patients with advanced infectious keratitis and coexisting corneal melting. M...

Abstract Eine Möglichkeit zur Weiterentwicklung von Li-Ionen-Traktionsbatterien liegt in der Optimierung Pack-Architektur. Basierend auf Elimination Batteriemodulen erzielt die Cell-to-Pack-Technologie substanzielle Verbesserungen hinsichtlich Kosten und Energiedichte Pack-Ebene. Auf Grundlage einer strukturierten Literaturrecherche mit Fokus Patenten wird Entwicklungsstand dargelegt Marktsitua...