BACKGROUND Monoacetoacetin (MAA) has been used experimentally as a physiological energy source in parenteral nutrition. Succinyl-CoA: 3-oxoacid CoA transferase (SCOT) is a key enzyme in the metabolism of MAA. In this study, the effect of MAA on the growth of human gastric cancer cells was examined in relation to SCOT expression. MATERIALS AND METHODS Four gastric cancer cell lines, OCUM-2M, M...

The hematopoietic toxicity of ethylene glycol monomethyl ether (EGME) and its metabolites, methoxy acetaldehyde (MALD) and methoxyacetic acid (MAA), was analyzed using human bone marrow cells from a lymphoma patient without bone marrow involvement and a human leukemia cell line, HL60. After 24-hour incubation, the concentrations of 50 percent inhibition (IC50) of human hematopoietic progenitor ...

Exposure to ethylene glycol monomethyl ether (EGME), a glycol ether compound found in numerous industrial products, or to its active metabolite, 2-methoxyacetic acid (2-MAA), increases the incidence of developmental defects. Using an in vitro limb bud culture system, we tested the hypothesis that the effects of EGME on limb development are mediated by 2-MAA-induced alterations in acetylation pr...

99mTc-Macroaggregated Albumin (99mTc-MAA) has been used as a perfusion agent. This study described development of the 68Ga-MAA via commercially available kits from Pars-Isotopes Company as a 99mTc-MAA kit. 68Ge/68Ga generator was eluted with suprapure HCl (0.6 M, 6 mL) in 0.5 mL fractions. The two fractions with the highest 68GaCl3 activity were generally used for labeling purposes. After label...

The high molecular weight melanoma-associated antigen (HMW-MAA) is a membrane-bound chondroitin sulphate proteoglycan that is highly expressed on the surface of melanoma cells. It represents an attractive target for immunotherapy of malignant melanoma. Previously, it was reported that HMW-MAA was detected in about 20-30% of primary acral lentiginous melanoma (ALM) lesions by immunohistochemical...

The basic sensitivity of the Limulus test and the inhibitory factors were examined in 21 radiopharmaceuticals commonly used in Japan. The sensitivity of the Limulus test using pre-gel was found to be 1 mug/ml for Escherichia coli endotoxin. This sensitivity is about ten times that of the rabbit test adopted by USP and JP. The Limulus test was applicable, with full sensitivity and without inhibi...

PURPOSE Downregulation of melanoma-associated antigens (MAAs), against which natural cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTLs) exist in humans, is one of the mechanisms that aids in evasion of immune surveillance. In view of putative re-expression strategies for MAAs during immunotherapy, this study was conducted to investigate MAA silencing in malignant melanoma. METHODS The expression of the MAA Melan...

HLA-A2-restricted CTLs, which lysed high molecular weight (HMW)-melanoma-associated antigen (MAA)(+) melanoma cells, were induced in patients with melanoma immunized with MELIMMUNE, a combination of the murine anti-idiotypic (anti-id) monoclonal antibodies (mAb) MEL-2 and MF11-30 (MW Pride et al., Clin Cancer Res 1998;4:2363.). In the present study we investigated whether CTL epitopes are prese...

TheMessage Authenticator Algorithm (MAA) is one of the first cryptographic functions for computing a Message Authentication Code. Between 1987 and 2001, the MAA was adopted in international standards (ISO 8730 and ISO 8731-2) to ensure the authenticity and integrity of banking transactions. In 1990 and 1991, three formal, yet non-executable, specifications of the MAA (in VDM, Z, and LOTOS) were...