Background Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) is the most severe form of tuberculosis. Co-infection with HIV increases the risk of developing TBM, complicates treatment, and substantially worsens outcome. Whether corticosteroids confer a survival benefit in HIV-infected patients with TBM remains uncertain. Hepatitis is the most common drug-induced serious adverse event associated with anti-tuberculos...

A novel optimization methodology for the disc cutter designs of tunnel boring machines (TBM) was presented. To fully understand the characteristics and performance of TBM cutters, a comprehensive list of performance parameters were investigated, including maximum equivalent stress and strain, specific energy and wear life which were closely related to the cutting forces and profile geometry of ...

A simple immunocytochemical method was standardized for the direct demonstration of mycobacterial antigen in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specimens of patients with tuberculous meningitis (TBM). CSF-cytospin smears were prepared from 22 patients with a clinical diagnosis of TBM and also from an equal number of patients with nontuberculous neurological diseases (disease control). Immunocytological ...

The early diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis (TBM) is very important. In this study, the efficiency of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), one of the most reliable and sensitive DNA-based assays, was compared with conventional methods (acid-fast microscopy and culture) for the detection of M. tuberculosis in cerebrospinal fluid(CSF) specimens from patients suspected of TBM. Of the 29 CSF spec...

Uncertainty and doubt dominate all aspects of tuberculous meningitis (TBM). The variable natural history and accompanying clinical features of TBM hinders the diagnosis. ZiehlNeelsen staining lacks sensitivity and culture results are often insuYciently timely to aid clinical judgement. New rapid diagnostic methods are incompletely evaluated, and many are not suitable for laboratories in low inc...

Tubercular meningitis (TBM) can have varied early and delayed complications involving brain or spinal cord. Although syringomyelia can occur sometimes as a late complication of tubercular meningitis, its occurrence in early stages of TBM is very rare. There are only two published case reports of syringomyelia in acute stage of TBM. We report a patient with tubercular meningitis who developed sy...

Abnormally pronounced digital impressions (APDIs) on the endocranial surface develop secondary to a prolonged rise in intracranial pressure. This can result from number of pathological conditions, including hydrocephalus due tuberculous meningitis (TBM). APDIs have been described with relation TBM not only modern medical literature but also several paleopathological studies. However, are pathog...

Abstract Tunnel boring machine (TBM) operational data is mostly analysed with respect to that was recorded during the advance of TBM. Focusing on standstills a gripper TBM, we analyse rock loads were passively in cylinders small roof support shield. These are situated beneath TBM’s shield – extending it against mass non-advance periods. Equipped pressure sensors, they enable unique opportunity ...

Tuberculous cerebral vasculitis (TCV) is a catastrophic complication of tuberculous meningitis (TBM). We report herein the case of a 41-year-old woman with TBM who presented with a fever and headache for 2 weeks. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis revealed pleocytosis with lymphocytic predominance. On admission day 4, an anti-tuberculosis regimen and oral prednisolone were initiated; on day 30, she d...

We describe the Tactical Battle Manager (TBM), an intelligent agent that uses several integrated artificial intelligence techniques to control an autonomous unmanned aerial vehicle in simulated beyond-visual-range (BVR) air combat scenarios. The TBM incorporates goal reasoning, automated planning, opponent behavior recognition, state prediction, and discrepancy detection to operate in a real-ti...