Strategic decisions, almost by definition, are risk-based decisions under the veil of uncertainty, or even ignorance, combining both a "fuzzy" problem domain and an ill-defined payoff structure. In such cases of ill-defined problems the decision maker's underlying attitudes and propensity towards risk will influence the evaluation and subsequent selection of a solution (Shapira, 1998). Decision...

Humans adapt their risk-taking behaviour based on perceptions of safety; this risk compensation phenomenon is typified by people taking more risks when using protective equipment. Existing studies have looked at people who know they are using safety equipment, and have specifically examined changes in behaviours against which that equipment might reduce risk. We demonstrate risk-taking increase...

Humans adapt their risk-taking behaviour based on perceptions of safety; this risk compensation phenomenon is typified by people taking more risks when using protective equipment. Existing studies have looked at people who know they are using safety equipment, and have specifically examined changes in behaviours against which that equipment might reduce risk. We demonstrate risk-taking increase...

Humans adapt their risk-taking behavior on the basis of perceptions of safety; this risk-compensation phenomenon is typified by people taking increased risks when using protective equipment. Existing studies have looked at people who know they are using safety equipment and have specifically focused on changes in behaviors for which that equipment might reduce risk. Here, we demonstrated that r...

The astonishing skills of savants have been suggested to be latent in everyone, but are not normally accessible without a rare form of brain impairment. We attempted to simulate such brain impairment in healthy people by directing low-frequency magnetic pulses into the left fronto-temporal lobe. Significant stylistic changes in drawing were facilitated by the magnetic pulses in four of our 11 p...

The evolution of Earth's climate on geological timescales is largely driven by variations in the magnitude of total solar irradiance (TSI) and changes in the greenhouse gas content of the atmosphere. Here we show that the slow ∼50 Wm-2 increase in TSI over the last ∼420 million years (an increase of ∼9 Wm-2 of radiative forcing) was almost completely negated by a long-term decline in atmospheri...

We report numerical observation of two new forms of stable localized solutions of the quintic complex Ginzburg-Landau equation. The 6rst form is a stationary zero-velocity solution, which consists of two motionless fronts and a source between them. We call this structure the "composite" pulse. We show that in some range of parameters, a composite pulse can coexist with a plain pulse solution. A...