The aerial part of Salvia wiedemannii Boiss. (Lamiaceae) has been used for treatment of peptic ulcers and relieving pain in Turkish folk medicine. To evaluate the analgesic effect of S. wiedemannii, tail flick and acetic acid-induced writhing tests were used in mice. The chloroform extract (500 mg/kg, i.p.) obtained from S. wiedemannii showed significant analgesic activity on tail flick assay, ...

It might seem obvious that pain sensitivity would predict individual, inborn susceptibilities to aversive stimuli and the strength of fear-conditioned responses. Such relationships are based on the assumption that there is a close association between fear-evoked behavioral reactions and the responses to painful, aversive stimuli. However, this problem has not been systematically studied. To thi...

Background and Objective: Considering the wide side effects of synthetic pain killers, use of herbal drugs in folk medicine as analgesic agents has increased. In the present work, we tried to uncover the pharmacological potential of ethanolic extracts by using various animal models and also to explore the potent antinociceptive effect of the plant Thymus kotschyanus. Materials and Methods: The...

conclusions these findings suggest that apelin does not play any significant role in regulating the pain threshold in type 1 diabetes mellitus during exercise training. results plasma apelin level was higher (0.3 vs. 0.1, p < 0.0001) and the tail-flick latency was lower (2.2 vs. 3.8, p < 0.0001) in the d group than in the nd group. after the training program, plasma apelin levels decreased in t...

The zona incerta (ZI) is a subthalamic nucleus connected to several structures, some of them known to be involved with antinociception. The ZI itself may be involved with both antinociception and nociception. The antinociceptive effects of stimulating the ZI with glutamate using the rat tail-flick test and a rat model of incision pain were examined. The effects of intraperitoneal antagonists of...

Recent studies have implicated the involvement of Ca2+-dependent mechanisms, in particular, calcium/calmodulin-protein kinase II in nicotine-induced antinociception using the tail-flick test. The spinal cord was suggested as a possible site of this involvement. The present study was undertaken to investigate the hypothesis that the beta2 nicotinic receptor subunit plays a central role in nicoti...

Synadenium umbellatum Pax., popularly known in Brazil as "cola-nota," "avelós," "cancerola," and "milagrosa", is a plant species used in folk medicine for the treatment of inflammation, pain, and several diseases. This study aimed to investigate the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of the ethanolic extract from Synadenium umbellatum Pax. leaves (EES) and its hexane (HF), chlorof...