In many instances, customers are seen as one of the key resources for new product development (NPD), as they often have deep product knowledge, either in the form of explcit or tacit knowledge. Firms’ NPD departments are highly interested in internalizing these forms of customer knowledge with the help of customer integration methods, such as Ideas Competitions, Lead-User-Workshops etc. However...

It is argued that, in order to account for examples where the indexicals ‘now’ and ‘here’ do not refer to the time and location of the utterance, we do not have to assume (pace Quentin Smith) that they have different characters (reference-fixing rules), governed by a single metarule or metacharacter. The traditional, the fixed character view is defended: ‘now’ and ‘here’ always refer to the tim...

We study tacit collusion in repeated auctions in which bidders can only observe past winners and not their bids. We adopt a stringent interpretation of tacit collusion as collusion without communication about strategies that we model as a symmetry restriction on repeated game strategies: Strategies cannot discriminate among initially nameless bidders until they have become named through winning...

spin-offs, or holdings. We intend to show that such orEmployees are motivated intrinsically as well as extrinsically. ganizational forms are suitable only under special circumIntrinsic motivation is crucial when tacit knowledge in and bestances defined by specific aspects of knowledge and motween teams IIILIS~be transferred. Organizational forms enable tivation. In line with the knowledge-based...