Neutral tone (T0) is a special tone form in Mandarin that contains tonal and stress information. Compared with canonical tones, T0 has a much shorter duration and reduced pitch contour. Its tonal contour is determined by the preceding canonical tone. However, not much is known about the perception of tonal and stress information in T0. In the current study, we investigate (1) whether T0 can be ...

and Applied Analysis 3 where τ, p, g : R → R are continuous functions, B, δ, C are constants, τ and p are T -periodic, C/ 0, |B|/ 1, and T > 0. Zhou and Zhang 8 extended the results in 1 to the higher-order neutral functional differential equation with positive and negative coefficients: d dtn [ x t px t − τ ] −1 n 1 P t x t − σ −Q t x t − δ 0, t ≥ t0, 1.9 where p ∈ R \ {±1}, τ, σ, δ ∈ R and P,...

In this paper, we establish the uniqueness of heat flow of harmonic maps into (N,h) that have sufficiently small renormalized energies, provided that N is either a unit sphere Sk−1 or a Riemannian homogeneous manifold. For such a class of solutions, we also establish the convexity property of the Dirichlet energy for t ≥ t0 > 0 and the unique limit property at time infinity. As a corollary, the...

Some oscillation criteria are given for the second order matrix differential system Y ′′ +Q(t)Y = 0, where Y and Q are n× n real continuous matrix functions with Q(t) symmetric, t ∈ [t0,∞). These results improve oscillation criteria recently discovered by Erbe, Kong and Ruan by using a generalized Riccati transformation V (t) = a(t){Y ′(t)Y −1(t) + f(t)I}, where I is the n × n identity matrix, ...

Here, we define (semi)topological L-algebras and some related results are approved. Then deduce conditions that mention an L-algebra to be a semi-topological or topological check attributes of them. Chiefly, display in L, if (L, ↠, τ ) is {1} open set L bounded satisfies the double negation property, then (L,τ) L-algebra. Finally, construct discrete topology on quotient L-algebra, under suit- a...

Oxidized low density lipoproteins (LDL) are highly suspected of initiating the atherosclerosis process. Thyroid hormones and structural analogues have been reported to protect LDL from lipid peroxidation induced by Cu2+ or the free radical generator 2,2'-azobis-'2-amidinopropane' dihydrochloride in vitro. We have examined the effects of thyroid compounds on macrophage-induced LDL oxidation. Hum...

Starting out from the recently established quantum correlation function expression of the characteristic function for the work performed by a force protocol on the system [cond-mat/0703213] the quantum version of the Crooks fluctuation theorem is shown to emerge almost immediately by the mere application of an inverse Fourier transformation. PACS numbers: 05.40.-a, 87.16.-b, 87.19.Nn Submitted ...

In this paper, we study the category of quantale-valued preordered spaces. We show that it is a normalized topological and give characterization zero-dimensionality D-connectedness in Moreover, characterize explicitly each T0, T1, pre-T2, T2 NT2 Finally, examine how these are related to other full subcategory Ti(pre-T2(L-Prord)) (i=0,1,2) pre-T2(L-Prord), Ti (L-Prord) (i=1,2) L-Prord isomorphic.

and Applied Analysis 3 For 0 < q ≤ 1 we have t0D q t x t 1 Γ ( 1 − q d dt (∫ t t0 x s t − s q ds ) , ( 0 < q ≤ 1, c t0D q t x t 1 Γ ( 1 − q ∫ t t0 x′ s t − s q ds, ( 0 < q ≤ 1. 2.2 Some properties of Riemann-Liouville and Caputo derivatives are recalled below 1–3 . Property 1. When 0 < q ≤ 1, we have c t0D q t x t t0D q t x t − x t0 Γ ( 1 − q t − t0 −q. 2.3 In particular, if x t0 0, we have c t...