introduction payment system is any organized arrangement for transferring monetary value leading to discharge and settlement of obligation. negotiable instruments in their special meaning are tradable documents that can be used as means of payment in commercial and consuming trades and are considered as non-cash payment system among the monetary transferring systems. the negotiable instruments ...

with the development of restructured power systems and increase of prices in some hours of day and increase fuel price, demand response programs were noticed more by customers. demand response consists of a series of activities that governments or utilities design to change the amount or time of electric energy consumption, to achieve better social welfare or some times for maximizing the benef...

the ground reaction curve (grc) is a vital component of the convergence-confinement method, which possesses many applications in the underground space designs. it defines a relation between the tunnel wall deformations and the ground pressure acting on the tunnel walls. generally, grc includes descending and ascending branches. according to many researchers, the descending branch trend for the ...

marine industry requires continued development of new technologies in order to produce oil. an essential requirement in design is to be able to compare experimental data from prototype structures with predicted information from a corresponding analytical finite element model. in this study, structural model updating may be defined as the fit of an existing analytical model in the light of measu...

in this paper, we propose a sensitivity analysis for evaluating the effectiveness of recovery solutions in the case of disturbed rail operations. indeed, when failures or breakdowns occur during daily service, new strategies have to be implemented so as to react appropriately and re-establish ordinary conditions as rapidly as possible. in this context, the use of rail simulation is vital: for e...

background the current distribution of and access to health services along with the future health needs of the population have prompted wide application of geographic information systems (giss). during recent years, gis has been used in public health management for planning and organization of healthcare services. this study investigates geographical accessibility of residential areas in bandar...

this paper aims at studying a trigeneration system, based on an internal combustion engine and a steam ejector refrigeration system. the designed cycle is to generate cooling and heating energies, and supply power simultaneously. the cycle is studied from thermodynamics point of view and for this purpose, the first law of thermodynamics is applied to all components of the cycle. the efficiency ...

there are several methods to ranking dmus in data envelopment analysis (dea) and candidates in voting system. this paper proposes a new two phases method based on dea’s concepts. the first phase presents an aspiration rank for each candidate and second phase propose final ranking.

this paper investigates the stability analysis of fuzzy relational dynamic systems. a new approach is introduced and a set of sufficient conditions is derived which sustains the unique globally asymptotically stable equilibrium point in a first-order fuzzy relational dynamic system with sumproduct fuzzy composition. this approach is also investigated for other types of fuzzy relational composit...