Quantitative studies of civil war have focused either on war initiation (onset) or war termination and have produced important insights into these processes. In this paper, we complement these studies by noting that equally important to finding out how wars start and how they end is to identify how much war we are likely to observe in any given period? To answer this question, we combine recent...

We argue that the duration of the peace after civil wars is mainly a function of the extent to which the outcome of the previous civil war preserved a condition of multiple sovereignty and the extent to which the post-civil war environment creates incentives for dissident groups to resort to violence rather than sustain the peace. Hazard models suggest that the outcome of the previous conflict ...

Somalia has suffered a massive internal population displacement and exodus that began in 1988 and is still ongoing during the prolonged and intermittent civil war. This review looks at the burden of HIV infection in Somali and the impact of civil war on its epidemiology. Serosurveys have indicated that HIV was not present in Somalia before the civil war and to date Somalia has had an HIV preval...

Moderation has been a recurring theme in international politics, particularly the politics of Middle East, where foreign and regional actors have often categorized others themselves as either “moderates” or “radicals.” However, very few works sought to deconstruct meaning moderation this context. Those that addressed issue mostly treated Western attempt simplify geopolitics dichotomize justify ...

Summer with the Enemy is a novel written in Arabic language by Syrian writer Shahla Ujaili and translated to English Michelle Hartman. It follows life stories complex relations of three women Lamees, her mother Najwa, grandmother Karma. describes evolution societies political milieu Syria from 1920s till civil war around 2010s. The starts present time, when young woman, having fled ISIS siege o...

The civil war in Syria has culminated into major refugee crises in its neighboring countries. By the end of 2013 more than half a million people were seeking shelter in cities and refugee camps in Turkey. We analyze how the Syrian refugee influx in Turkey affected firm entry and exit rates, foreign investments and internal migration in regions of Turkey where refugees are being accommodated. Re...

this paper intends to explore the causes of the civil war in tajikistan which erupted after its independence in 1992. the civil war went on for nearly four years inflicting thousands of injuries, loss of lives and damages to the country. the paper shows the more social and ethnical roots of the civil war and finally demonstrates the positive role whish the islamic republic of iran played n impo...

Due to the country’s nuclear program, international efforts regarding it and impact of sanctions, economic political consequences termination these “proxy war” actively carries out in region, Iran has been one key focal points relations. Iran's shape its immediate geography through by “proxies” have undergone significant progress, Syrian Civil War most influential battlefields where used this “...

Geographies and borders have become often-debated concepts, especially in the view of increasing impact globalization regional integration processes. In such cases, are attributed certain imagined meanings more so, they associated with feelings. Considering dynamics, EU-Turkey relations can be considered a good example how borders, emotions spatial dimensions interact. However, not much attenti...