--Performance degradation is an major problem in a relay based Decode-and-Forward (DF) receiving cooperative system. In the DF protocol , existing decoder performances have high decoding complexity, because destination require exact knowledge of the sourcerelay link along with the channel coefficient of source-destination and relay –destination links. In the proposed method, degradation can be ...

Genetic algorithms are successfully used for decoding some classes of error correcting codes, and offer very good performances for solving large optimization problems. This article proposes a new decoder based on Serial Genetic Algorithm Decoder (SGAD) for decoding Low Density Parity Check (LDPC) codes. The results show that the proposed algorithm gives large gains over sum-product decoder, whi...

As a technology to read brain states from measurable brain activities, brain decoding are widely applied in industries and medical sciences. In spite of high demands in these applications for a universal decoder that can be applied to all individuals simultaneously, large variation in brain activities across individuals has limited the scope of many studies to the development of individual-spec...

The existing machine translation systems, whether phrase-based or neural, have relied almost exclusively on word-level modelling with explicit segmentation. In this paper, we ask a fundamental question: can neural machine translation generate a character sequence without any explicit segmentation? To answer this question, we evaluate an attention-based encoder– decoder with a subword-level enco...

Nowadays space is considered to be a net of connections between different areas. The questions how to delineate its character and how it is possible to objectively compare two spaces is a matter under consideration. This was the reason for creating new theories about the structure of space. Space syntax analysis (SSA) or simply Space Syntax defines a number of theories and research areas devo...

—In this paper, MIMO (Multiple-Input-Multiple Output) system based on turbo equalization techniques which LDPC (Low Density Parity Check) codes were outer code and STTC (Space Time Trellis Code) were employed as an inner code are studied. LDPC decoder and STTC decoder are connected through the interleaving and de-interleaving that updates each other's information repeatedly. On the receiver si...

—In this paper, we demonstrate the higher hardware ef ciency of Reed-Solomon (RS) parallel turbo decoding compared with BCH parallel turbo decoding. Based on an innovative architecture, this is the rst implementation of fully parallel RS turbo decoder. A performance analysis is performed showing that RS Block Turbo Codes (RS-BTC) have decoding performance equivalent to Bose Ray-Chaudhuri Hocque...

This paper presents implementation of a soft decision Viterbi decoder suitable for convolution codes with short constraint lengths. The decoder is based on a property of Viterbi algorithm that states “if the survivor paths from all possible states at time n are traced back then with high probability all the paths merge at time n-L where L is the survivor path length”. Pipeline structures are in...

syntax complexity and various ideas of syntax proponents created challenges to teaching it from first centuries of arabic language development. therefore, most of scholars attempted to resolve problems planning new models and compilation of new effects. one of them include of ehyah al-nahw that is written by ebrahim mostafa in 1937. publieation of this book leads to create challenges to opposit...