The symbiotic association between certain plants and microorganisms plays an important role in soil fertilization, and improves their growth and mineral nutrition. Microorganisms implicated in this symbiotic interaction are from two groups: bacteria and fungi. The bacteria group is implicated on nitrogen fixation (for review see Pawlowski and Bisseling, 1996), while the fungal group is involved...

OBJECTIVE We analyzed the symbiotic efficiency and genetic diversity of rhizobia isolated from Leucaena leucocephala in Liangshan Prefecture of SichuanProvince. METHODS We studied genetic diversity of these isolates with 16S rRNA RFLP, BOX-PCR and AFLP fingerprinting, and constructed phylogenetic tree based on the concatenated sequences of the four housekeeping genes 16S rRNA, recA, atpD and ...

BACKGROUND During intestinal inflammation white blood cells are recruited from the blood, and they represent the major contributors to tissue perpetuation of inflammation via their production of chemokines and proinflammatory cytokines. OBJECTIVES Investigate the effect of a symbiotic formulation containing Lactobacillus Paracasei B 20160 versus placebo, on serum levels of interleukin (IL)-6,...

Symbionts are widespread among eukaryotes and their impacts on the ecology and evolution of their hosts are meaningful. Most insects harbour obligate and facultative symbiotic bacteria that can influence their phenotype. In the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum, an astounding symbiotic-mediated phenotype has been recently observed: when infected with the symbiotic bacteria Rickettsiella viridis, yo...

Studies of physical and biochemical associations among termites, flagellates and prokaryotes are very important in understanding the dual cellulolitic systems of lower termites. The effect of antibiotics on cellulase secretions and on the structure of the symbiotic intestinal microbial community of Coptotermes formosanus was studied. It was apparent that inhibition of the protists symbiotic bac...

The most vulnerable stages of Plasmodium development occur in the lumen of the mosquito midgut, a compartment shared with symbiotic bacteria. Here, we describe a strategy that uses symbiotic bacteria to deliver antimalaria effector molecules to the midgut lumen, thus rendering host mosquitoes refractory to malaria infection. The Escherichia coli hemolysin A secretion system was used to promote ...

BACKGROUND Regarding to the growing prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), concentrating on various strategies to its prevention and management seems necessary. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of symbiotic on C-reactive protein (CRP), liver enzymes, and ultrasound findings in patients with NAFLD. METHODS Eighty NAFLD patients were enrolled in this randomize...

Recent years have witnessed major advances in our knowledge of plant mutualistic symbioses such as the rhizobium-legume symbiosis (RLS) and arbuscular mycorrhizas (AM). Some of these findings caused the revision of longstanding hypotheses, but one of the most solid theories is that a conserved set of plant proteins rules the transduction of symbiotic signals from beneficial glomeromycetes and r...

Some hundred cells of Chlorella-like green algae are naturally enclosed within the cytoplasm of a single cell of green paramecia (Paramecium bursaria). Therefore, P. bursaria serves as an experimental model for studying the nature of endo-symbiosis made up through chemical communication between the symbiotic partners. For studying the mechanism of symbiotic regulations, the materials showing su...

Until recently, symbiotic binary systems in which a white dwarf accretes from a red giant were thought to be mainly a soft X-ray population. Here we describe the detection with the X-ray Telescope (XRT) on the Swift satellite of 9 white dwarf symbiotics that were not previously known to be X-ray sources and one that was previously detected as a supersoft X-ray source. The 9 new X-ray detections...