Two pilot composting experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of low initial C/N ratio on the composting of swine manure with rice straw by measuring physical and chemical parameters. The results showed that the thermophilic duration of bin 1 and bin 2 was long enough to satisfy the sanitary standard, and swine manure could reach maturity. Bin 1 containing larger amount of swine man...

Swine influenza, a respiratory disease that affects pigs of all ages, is caused by type A influenza virus.1 Morbidity rates can reach 100%, while mortality rates are generally low. Subtypes of swine influenza virus (SIV) most frequently identified in pigs include classical and avian H1N1, reassortant (r) H3N2, and rH1N2. In Europe, three main influenza A subtypes (H1N1, H1N2, H3N2) circulate in...

Feral swine distribution and densities are greatest in Texas and related swine disease issues have emerged in a number of fronts. Beyond the standard surveillance protocols, the Texas Cooperative Wildlife Service program has initiated several feral swine projects to identify, contain or eliminate feral swine diseases and pathogens. This praper discusses these projects, the supportive data to qu...

The swine major histocompatibility complex (MHC) or swine leukocyte antigen (SLA) complex is one of the most gene-dense regions in the swine genome. It consists of three major gene clusters, the SLA class I, class III and class II regions, that span approximately 1.1, 0.7 and 0.5Mb, respectively, making the swine MHC the smallest among mammalian MHC so far examined and the only one known to spa...

To assess the potential transmission for zoonotic influenza, sero-antibodies against two kinds of influenza viruses--classical swine H1N1 and human H1N1pdm09 virus were detected in persons whose profession involved contact with swine in Guangdong province, China. Compared to the non-exposed control group, a significantly higher proportion of subjects with occupational contact to pigs exhibited ...

Agricultural fairs provide an opportunity for bidirectional transmission of influenza A viruses. We sought to determine influenza A virus activity among swine at fairs in the United States. As part of an ongoing active influenza A virus surveillance project, nasal swab samples were collected from exhibition swine at 40 selected Ohio agricultural fairs during 2012. Influenza A(H3N2) virus was is...

A strain of swine influenza has been observed to change from a condition of full contagiousness, in which both H. influenzae suis and the swine influenza virus were transferred by pen contact, to one of only partial contagiousness, in which the virus alone was transferred, resulting in the mild filtrate disease instead of swine influenza in animals infected by contact. Swine that had been exper...

The use of miniature swine as a non-rodent species in safety assessment has continued to expand for over a decade and their use has become routine, particularly in pharmacology as a model for human integumentary diseases. Translational preclinical swine study data are now favorably compared and contrasted to human data, and miniature swine models provide important information in dermal safety a...

During July to September 2014, we performed a controlled, cross-sectional, seroepidemiologic study among 203 swine workers and 115 control subjects in Guangdong Province. Sera were tested using a hemagglutination inhibition assay against locally-isolated swine H3N2 and H1N1 viruses and commercially-obtained human influenza viral antigens. We found swine workers had a greater prevalence and odds...