Due to the development of knowledge society, there is increased demand for using knowledge management (KM) in an entrepreneurship as well as using information and communication technology (ICT). To achieve sustainable capacity it is necessary to promote KM and ICT in small, medium and microenterprises (SMME). KM is implemented successfully in the firms with large amount of employees. There are ...

The use of diethyl carbonate as a sustainable solvent for organocatalytic asymmetric transfer hydrogenations of 2-substituted quinolines using highly efficient chiral phosphoric acid catalysts with Hantzsch esters as a hydrogen source is reported for the first time. The asymmetric transfer hydrogenation reaction in diethyl carbonate provides enantiomerically pure 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolines wi...

THE CANADIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 695 In the hierarchy of waste management techniques it is better to prevent harmful emissions from being generated in the first place. If this laudable objective is not practically feasible, the treatment of emissions to produce less harmful substances is worthy of detailed consideration. For such waste treatment processes, the most technically and e...

A new organocatalyzed method is developed for Baylis–Hillman reactions of cyclohex-2-enone with various aromatic aldehydes in the presence of water and catalytic quantities of triethylamine. All reactions take place at room temperature and relatively good yields of various products are obtained within a time frame which does not exceed 24 hours. The mild reaction conditions used in the present ...

We study the steady states of a reaction-diffusion medium modelled by a stochastic 2D cellular automaton. We consider the Greenberg-Hastings model where noise and topological irregularities of the grid are taken into account. The decrease of the probability of excitation changes qualitatively the behaviour of the system from an “active” to an “extinct” steady state. Simulations show that this c...

A series of heterocycles was synthesized by the reaction of α,β -unsaturated ketones of benzopyrans or coumarins with various nucleophiles in aqueous medium bearing two points of diversity. Compared to an identical library generated by conventional parallel synthesis, a microwaveassisted procedure dramatically decreased reaction times from hours to minutes, and yields of products and intermedia...

Sustainable product development is currently of concern by scientists within both academia and engineering. Despite existing literature proposed related to detailed aspects for design for sustainability (D4S), the modeling of life cycle driving forces for D4S in different levels remains insufficient. A morphological analysis (MA) approach was applied to explore the strategies in sustainable pro...

The United Nations General Assembly In the last month of 2002 proclaimed a programme namely the UN Decade of Education for Sustainable Development (ECD). EDC is scheduled from 2005 to 2014, to foster the concept of Sustainable Higher Education (SHE) through the medium of higher education institutions. Malaysia as a country which has ratified Kyoto Protocol and EDC is expected to be active in th...