Experimental observations have shown the size-dependent residual surface stresses on spherical nanoparticles and their influence on the effective modulus of heterogeneous nanostructures. Based on these experimental findings, this paper proposes a new interface stress theory that considers the curvature effect on the interfacial energy. To investigate this curvature-dependent interfacial energy,...

Bending of thin sheets or ribbons is a ubiquitous phenomenon that impacts our daily lives, from the household thermostat to sensors in airbags. At nanometer-scale thicknesses, the mechanics responsible for bending and other distortions in sheets can be employed to create a nanofabrication approach leading to novel nanostructures. The process and resulting structures have been aptly referred to ...

The micromechanical damage mechanics formulated by ASHBY and SAMMIS (Pure Appl Geophys 133(3) 489–521, 1990) has been shown to give an adequate description of the triaxial failure surface for a wide variety of rocks at low confining pressure. However, it does not produce the large negative curvature in the failure surface observed in Westerly granite at high confining pressure. We show that thi...

We revisit the problem of the stress distribution in a frictional sandpile with both normal and tangential (frictional) inter-granular forces, under gravity, equipped with a new numerical method of generating such assemblies. Numerical simulations allow a determination of the spatial dependence of all the components of the stress field, principle stress axis, angle of repose, as a function of s...

This paper presents the three major ways that iambs play a role in Kashaya phonology: iambic lengthening, reshuffling of vowel length, and location of stress. Contrasting analyses of the phenomena are given in an ordered-rule Lexical Phonology approach and in constraint-based Optimality Theory. It is shown that only a nonderivational approach based on surface constraints succeeds in unifying th...

BACKGROUND Work-related Upper Extremity Disorders (WRUEDs) are conceived of as a multifactorial syndrome caused by the effects of excessive repetitive motions, sustained static postures, and muscular stiffness. Our aim is to test an etiological model derived from a theory by Van Galen and Van Huygevoort [2000] Biol Psychol 51:151-171. The theory holds that physical, emotional, and psychosocial ...

Due to considerable stored energy in surfaces of nano-scales in comparison with the stored energy in their bulk, considering the surface energy is necessary for the analysis of various behaviors of nano-scales for more precise design and manufacturing. In this article, the longitudinal dynamic behavior of nanobars in the presence of the surface energy parameters is studied. To this end, the lon...

Eyelashes are ubiquitous, although their function has long remained a mystery. In this study, we elucidate the aerodynamic benefits of eyelashes. Through anatomical measurements, we find that 22 species of mammals possess eyelashes of a length one-third the eye width. Wind tunnel experiments confirm that this optimal eyelash length reduces both deposition of airborne particles and evaporation o...

In this paper, the vibrations of thin plate in modified couple stress thermoelastic medium by using Kirchhoff- Love plate theory has been investigated. The governing equations of motion and heat conduction equation for Lord Shulman (L-S) [1] theory are written with the help of Kirchhoff- Love plate theory. The thermoelastic damping of micro-beam resonators is analyzed by using the normal mode a...

The effect of surface stress on the stiffness of cantilever beams remains an outstanding problem in the physical sciences. While numerous experimental studies report significant stiffness change due to surface stress, theoretical predictions are unable to rigorously and quantitatively reconcile these observations. In this Letter, we present the first controlled measurements of stress-induced ch...