This article presents a synthesis of some of the major published studies on the efficacy and safety of tubal sterilization. The conclusions of this overview are that tubal sterilization is a safe operation, long-term sequelae of tubal sterilization have not been well documented, and the risk of pregnancy following tubal sterilization is less than 1 in 100. Continued study is needed to determine...

INTRODUCTION Sterilization at caesarean section is usually performed by the modified Pomeroy's technique. Application of Falope rings and Filshie clips may also be used for tubal sterilization at caesarean section, and these techniques are also used during laparoscopy or minilaparotomy. OBJECTIVES The main objective of the study was to evaluate the failure rates, complications, technical diff...

The study was to assess the types and trend of female sterilization between January 1985 and December 2009 (25 years) in Jos, Central Nigeria. There were 25,313 new acceptors of modern contraceptive methods out of which 4,951 (19.6%) were female sterilizations. Minilaparotomy was the commonest method of female sterilization. Local anaesthesia was the commonest anaesthetic utilized. The women we...

OBJECTIVE Our purpose was to determine the risk of pregnancy after tubal sterilization for common methods of tubal occlusion. STUDY DESIGN A multicenter, prospective cohort study was conducted in U.S. medical centers. A total of 10,685 women who underwent tubal sterilization was followed up for 8 to 14 years. The risk of pregnancy was assessed by cumulative life-table probabilities and propor...

A permanent contraceptive method that avoids abdominal incisions and general anesthetic should be safer than sterilization by laparoscopy or laparotomy. In theory, the transcervical route ought to be ideal for female sterilization. However, past attempts have not seen widespread success, and contemporary efforts demonstrate that challenges to the creation of an ideal transcervical sterilization...

Since 1903, when Metcalf (5) described a method for obtaining and rearing bacteriafree Rhabditis brevispina (Claus) Biitschli, many procedures have been published. Glaser and Stoll (6) used sodium hypochlorite for surface-sterilization of nematodes. Dougherty and Calhoun (2, 3) eliminated the microflora of R. pellio (Schneider) Btitschli with antibiotics and then substituted Escherichia coli. T...

Statement of Purpose: Polymeric nanoparticles have been widely studied in biomedical fields such as the drug delivery system (DDS), medical diagnosis, and bioimaging. For the long-term drug delivery system, stability for hydrolysis, stealth property for inhibition of unspecific protein adsorption, and surface functionality for immobilization of specific molecules to target tissues are required....

The aim of this investigation was micropropagation of Quercus brantii L. via culture of terminal and lateral buds for mass production of this plant. The plant materials were collected from Fars province Iran in spring and summer seasons. After surface sterilization and the removal of phenol materials from the explants, they were transferred into different culture media containing different conc...

background: sterilization techniques could affect the characteristics of orthodontic wires. the aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of steam and dry heat sterilization techniques on load-defl ection behavior of fi ve types of β-titanium alloy wires. materials and methods: the samples consisted of 30 straight lengths of fi ve types of β-titanium alloy wires: titanium molybdenum a...