BACKGROUND It has recently been reported that a signal latency shorter than 3.5 ms after electrical stimulation of the vagus nerve signify a nonrecurrent course of the inferior laryngeal nerve. We present a patient with an ascending nonrecurrent inferior laryngeal nerve. In this patient, the stimulation latency was longer than 3.5 ms. CASE PRESENTATION A 74-years old female underwent redo sur...

Single-unit activities of the bulbar reticular inspiratory neurons directly projecting to hypoglossal motoneurons were studied during fictive ingestion (e.g., swallowing) and rejection elicited by repetitive stimulation of the superior laryngeal nerve and by application of water to the pharynx in immobilized decerebrated cats. The single-unit activity was recorded during 113 episodes of fictive...

Introduction: The horizontal bony canal in the lateral maxillary wall is the site of anastomosis between the arterial branches from the posterior superior alveolar artery (PSAa) and the infraorbital artery. This anatomic structure is known as the ‘alveolar antral artery’.   Materials and Methods: We performed a literature review. The anatomic location of the alveolar antral artery in the latera...

Visceral artery aneurysm (VAA) is a relatively uncommon disorder and it shows some vague symptoms. Therefore, the clinical diagnosis is difficult and these aneurysms are discovered and diagnosed only after rupture in many cases. This case report describes the history of a woman who had a superior mesenteric artery (SMA) branch aneurysm. A 62-year-old woman presented with fatigue and moderate to...

Carotid artery is the most important artery that carries the major part of the blood supply to the head and neck. The branching of the common carotid artery usually occurs at the upper edge of the thyroid cartilage. The placement of carotid sinus has also increased its importance in this area. Considering the clinical importance of knowledge about carotid artery variations, this case is reporte...