[1] A case study relative to the observation of unexpected liquid water in an apparently cloudless atmosphere is presented. Microwave radiometer profiler observations on 14 April 2008 at Boulder, Colorado, USA, showed an increase in the liquid water path with values higher than 0.05 mm and corresponding relative humidity saturation from 4.75 to 6.75 km above the ground level in profiles retriev...

We investigated the overwintering physiology and behavior of Phyllocnistis populiella Chambers, the aspen leaf miner, which has caused severe and widespread damage to aspen in Alaska over the past 10 yr. Active P. populiella moths caught in spring and summer supercooled to an average temperature of -16°C, whereas dormant moths excavated from hibernacula in the leaf litter during fall and winte...

A "supercooled" liquid develops when a fluid does not crystallize upon cooling below its ordering temperature. Instead, the microscopic relaxation times diverge so rapidly that, upon further cooling, equilibration eventually becomes impossible and glass formation occurs. Classic supercooled liquids exhibit specific identifiers including microscopic relaxation times diverging on a Vogel-Tammann-...

Electrostatically interacting colloidal suspensions at medium to very low salt concentrations were prepared in differently ordered phases using the method of continuous deionization. Equilibrium phase states include fluid, monoand polycrystalline material as well as coexistence between fluid and monocrystal. A nonequilibrium supercooled fluid state is reproducibly reached by shear melting. In t...

We report the discovery of a dodecagonal quasicrystalline state (DDQC) in a sphere (micelle) forming poly(isoprene-b-lactide) (IL) diblock copolymer melt, investigated as a function of time following rapid cooling from above the order-disorder transition temperature (TODT = 66 °C) using small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) measurements. Between TODT and the order-order transition temperature TOO...

The primary and secondary relaxation timescales of aging colloidal suspensions of Laponite are estimated from intensity autocorrelation functions obtained in dynamic light scattering (DLS) experiments. The dynamical slowing down of these relaxation processes are compared with observations in fragile supercooled liquids by establishing a one-to-one mapping between the waiting time since filtrati...

This paper extends our earlier studies of free energy functions of density and crystalline order parameters for models of supercooled water, which allows us to examine the possibility of two distinct metastable liquid phases [J. Chem. Phys. 135, 134503 (2011) and arXiv:1107.0337v2]. Low-temperature reversible free energy surfaces of several different atomistic models are computed: mW water, TIP...

Using electron spin resonance spectroscopy (ESR), we measure the rotational mobility of probe molecules highly diluted in deeply supercooled bulk water and negligibly constrained by the possible ice fraction. The mobility increases above the putative glass transition temperature of water, T(g) = 136 K, and smoothly connects to the thermodynamically stable region by traversing the so called "no ...

Water has a complex phase diagram with more than 16 crystalline phases, two glass phases and liquid which displays many unique behaviors, especially in the region of -45 °C (Mishima and Stanley 1998, Stokely et al. 2010). It can remain a liquid even under conditions where a more stable phase exists, and in those conditions is said to be supercooled. Supercooled water can be prompted to turn int...

Below the melting temperature Tm, crystals are the stable phase of typical elemental or molecular systems. However, cooling down a liquid below Tm, crystallization is anything but inevitable. The liquid can be supercooled, eventually forming a glass below the glass transition temperature Tg. Despite their long lifetimes and the presence of strong barriers that produces an apparent stability, su...