A competing risk approach was used to evaluate the influence of several factors on culling risk for 587 Duroc sows. Three different analyses were performed according to whether sow failure was due to death during productive life (DE) or to one of two causes for voluntary culling: low productivity (LP) and low fertility (LF). Sow survival was analyzed by the Cox model. Year at first farrowing (b...

Two experiments with 49 crossbred pigs were conducted to examine the effects of age and weaning system on various indicators of digestive development and capacity. In Exp. 1, pigs reared exclusively by the sow with no access to creep feed were killed at 1, 8, 16 and 22 d of age. Other pigs, weaned at 16 d of age to a milk protein diet fed either in dry or liquid form, were killed at 22 d of age...

The present study investigated the effect of feeding bovine colostrum (BC) to piglets in comparison with feeding a milk replacer (MR) and conventional rearing by the sow on the intestinal immune system and number of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) colonising the intestinal tissue. Piglets (23-d-old) were allocated to one of the following four groups: (1) killed at the beginning of the e...

A four-parity study is proposed to examine the effects of nutritional manipulation during gilt development on subsequent sow performance. Gilts will be selected from two genetic lines that are highly prolific, but differ in rate and composition of growth. During the development period (45 to 250 lb), gilts will be provided either; i) ad libitum access to feed, or ii) ad libitum access to feed u...

BACKGROUND The gut microbiota of breast-fed and formula-fed infants differ significantly, as do the risks for allergies, gut dysfunction, and upper respiratory tract infections. The connections between breast milk, various formulas, and the profiles of gut bacteria to these childhood illnesses, as well as the mechanisms underlying the effects, are not well understood. METHODS We investigated ...

Shallow tropical integrated culture ponds in the Pearl River Delta. China, have been found to stratify almost daily, with high organic loadings and dense algal growth. The dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration is super-saturated in the epilimnion and is under 2 mg/l in the hypolimnion (>lm). The compensation depth corresponds to twice the Secchi disk depth ranging from 50 to 80cm. As a result, li...

SiO2/SiC interface was investigated with high spatial resolution by super-higher-order scanning nonlinear dielectric microscopy (SHO-SNDM). Comparison of non-oxidized and thermally oxidized 4H-SiC wafer revealed that only 5 minutes oxidation makes the interface quality spatially inhomogeneous. SiC wafers with and without post oxidation annealing (POA) in NO ambient were also compared, which sho...

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy Potassium Titanium Phosphate (KTP) laser-activated irrigation solutions on intraradicular Enterococcus faecalis biofilms in invitro conditions by using a scanning electron microscope. 
 Materials and Methods: 120 single-root, single canal permanent mandibular premolar human teeth were used. Sterilization disinfect...

Background: Chlorophenols are classified as priority toxic pollutants. These acidic organic compounds present a serious potential hazard for human health and aquatic life. Chlorophenols accumulate in water, soil and air due to high stability, and impart an unpleasant taste and odor to drinking water and can exert negative effects on different biological processes. Among the different methods of...