Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (n-TiO2) are common ingredients of sunscreens and often released into surface waters during usage. Once released, the chemistry n-TiO2 changes by interacting with dissolved organic matter (DOM). In previous studies, these interactions were investigated using model and; therefore, do not account for complex composition coating aged in sunscreens. Taking advantage a...

Innovative prototype sunscreens with reduced ultraviolet (UV) filters are required to achieve safer, more effective, and environmentally friendly formulations. Rosmarinic acid (RA) is a phenolic antioxidant potential candidate for multifunctional sunscreens. We used RA (0.1% w/w) in combination avobenzone (2.5% 5.0% w/w), UVA filter, ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate (10.0% UVB evaluate vitro sun pro...

UV filters are the shield ingredients of sunscreens against negative effects solar radiation. Since discovery first filter, nearly 30 have become commercially available. Over years, innovation and regulatory updates driven their use by cosmetic industry. This work aimed to characterize commercial unveil main trends analyzing labels 444 sunscreen formulations that currently being marketed. Avobe...

Malignant melanoma is considered to be the most aggressive form of skin neoplasms. Over the past few decades, the incidence rate of melanoma has steadily risen throughout the world. The risks of developing melanoma consist of intrinsic and environmental factors. Intrinsic factors generally include a family history and an inherited genotype, while the most relevant environmental factor is sun ex...

Previous studies have shown no, or very limited, skin penetration of metal oxide nanoparticles following topical application of sunscreens, yet concerns remain about their safety compared to larger particles. Here, we assessed the comparative dermal absorption of a traceable form of Zn ((68)Zn) from (68)ZnO nano-sized and larger particles in sunscreens. Sunscreens were applied to the backs of v...