Outdoor and indoor (subway) samples were collected by passive sampling in urban Seoul (Korea) and analyzed with computer-controlled scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (CCSEM-EDX). Soil/road dust particles accounted for 42%-60% (by weight) of fine particulate matter larger than 1 µm (PM(2.5-1.0)) in outdoor samples and 18% of PM2.5-1.0 in subway sample...

Little information on the evaluation of airborne particulate matter (APM) and sedimentation particles from subway stations is available. The thermal metamorphism of train wheels generating toxic particles in subway stations is a possibility. In this study, the toxicity and physiological effects of particles from subway stations were evaluated using a yeast bioassay system. Estrogenic and anties...

When constructing subway tunnels in coastal cities, boulders with high strength and large volume are often encountered. A number of engineering practices have shown that the existence will destroy unity homogeneity stratum. If tunnel is not properly handled during crossing construction, it lead to collapse surrounding rock; serious cases, may induce ground collapse, damage buildings, endanger s...

Day by day the call to solve traffic congestion problems is increasing. Subway tunnels and high-speed railway are commonly used for transportation. Therefore, tunnel construction induces soil movement, which in turn affects stability integrity of adjacent existing buildings. A series numerical simulations have been established investigate effects Greater Cairo Metro–Line 3-Phase-1 on pile cap f...

In this study, the factors influencing choice of type urban railroad transportation in metropolitan areas Korea were analyzed. As populations are expanding, importance rail transportation, which has a high travel reliability terms time, increased, and various types systems have emerged accordingly. This study was focused on behavior travelers local express trains that use same track differ only...

On October 29, 2012, Hurricane Sandy struck the U.S. northeast and mid-Atlantic seaboard; the effects of the storm extended to southeastern and midwestern states and to eastern Canada. At the time, 1,899 residents in the most affected areas were undergoing treatment for tuberculosis (TB) disease or infection. To ascertain the operational abilities of state and local TB programs during and after...

High speed wind tunnels are widely used in the study of fluid flow behavior around various objects. The air flow in the starting step of supersonic wind tunnels is transient including strong shock waves caused by the interaction of the tunnel main stream and the boundary layer at walls. To arrive in running step, the tunnel must be designed so as these waves leave immediately the test section. ...