Finding the promotional media that used AHP in earlier experiments was intended goal of this study, however data gathering proved to be quite difficult for researchers. This is because research issue, MSMEs halal product, demands an excessive volume questionnaire data. The researcher also made effort simplify by designating consideration and contempt with numbers 1 0, respectively. Since EPIC m...

Many commercial software firms face the possibility that free and open source software (FOSS) will disrupt their markets. A “disruptive innovation” is a new product, service, or business model that initially enters a market as a low-priced, lower-quality alternative to the products of market incumbents but which, through a process of rapid improvement, eventually satisfies mainstream consumers ...

Modular programming is a discipline of bottom-up programming that is based on the principle of information hiding, whereby each module of a software product exports its specification but hides its design. This principle offers many advantages, including support for better maintainability, better testability, better reliability, and better reusability. Object Oriented programming languages suppo...

Members of the family Enterobacteriaceae were cultured from 52.5% of 141 milk substitute infant formulas which were obtained in 35 countries. The concentration did not exceed a level of 1 CFU/g in any product. The species which were isolated most frequently were Enterobacter agglomerans, cloacae, Enterobacter sakazakii, and Klebsiella pneumoniae. If infections due to these organisms occur, it c...

Some consumers derive utility from using products produced with specific processes, such as environmentally friendly practices. Means of verifying these credence attributes, such as certification, are necessary for the market to function effectively. A substitute or complementary solution may exist when consumers perceive a relationship between a process attribute and other verifiable product a...

This paper explores whether ownership matters in a fundamental sense by comparing the performance of stockholder-owned firms to the much less analyzed ownerless firms, where no stakeholder has residual cash flow rights and control rights are shared by customers, employees, and the community. Controlling for differences in size and risk and only comparing firms within the same industry, we find ...

We analyze the rate of survival of hybrid seed corn in the U.S. market between 2000 and 2007 and ind that product characteristics and market structures have signi icant impacts. The results suggest that survival rates depend on spillover effects of learning regarding genetically modi ied seeds and close substitute seeds and that hybrids planted in the Corn Belt survive longer in the market than...

Some consumers derive utility from using products produced with specific processes, such as environmentally friendly practices. Means of verifying these credence attributes, such as certification, are necessary for the market to function effectively. A substitute or complementary solution may exist when consumers perceive a relationship between a process attribute and other verifiable product a...

Compared to ethanol, butanol offers many advantages as a substitute for gasoline because of higher energy content and higher hydrophobicity. Typically, 1-butanol is produced by Clostridium in a mixed-product fermentation. To facilitate strain improvement for specificity and productivity, we engineered a synthetic pathway in Escherichia coli and demonstrated the production of 1-butanol from this...