Tianeptine is a selective serotonin reuptake enhancer, possessing strong antidepressant and anxiolytic properties. Its relative lack of sedative, anticholinergic and cardiovascular side effects makes it a highly tolerable substance of abuse. However, physical dependence quickly develops and withdrawal symptoms are common. Abusers in Georgia and Armenia use tianeptine by intravenous injection. D...

OBJECTIVES Prevalence of opioid addiction has alarmingly increased over the recent years. In South Asian region alone there are more than 10 million opioid abusers amounting to 2% of world population. Detoxification remains to be the first step for the successful treatment of opioid addiction. The present study was carried out to compare the relative efficacy and safety of buprenorphine -naloxo...

In Europe, in mid-2011, about 30 cases of dependence, abuse or withdrawal symptoms attributed to pregabalin had been reported to Swedish and French pharmacovigilance centres and the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA). About 20 cases of gabapentin addiction were published in detail. The most frequently reported disorders were withdrawal symptoms. More than half of t...

Abstract Background: This study compared the success rates of buprenorphine and clonidine in detoxification of heroin-dependents and evaluated the recurrence of drug abuse in patients taking naltrexone in a 6 month follow up. Methods: A double-blind study was carried out in Kerman’s psychiatric hospital on heroin-dependents seeking detoxification during the years 2007-2009.These patient...

Drug addiction is defined as a compulsion to take a drug with loss of control in limiting intake (33). It is considered a chronic disorder because the risk of relapse remains high even after completion of treatment and prolonged abstinence. In 1968, the term drug dependence replaced that of addiction in the nomenclature of theWorld Health Organization and the American Psychiatric Association. D...

Anhedonia is a condition in which the capacity of experiencing pleasure is totally or partially lost, and it refers to both a state symptom in various psychiatric disorders and a personality trait. It has a putative neural substrate, originating in the dopaminergic mesolimbic and mesocortical reward circuit. Anhedonia frequently occurs in mood disorders, as a negative symptom in schizophrenia, ...

Nonclinical assessment of drug abuse and dependence is the subject of several recent regulatory guidelines, which are generally aligned on the methods to be employed. The most direct approach to assessing reinforcing properties of a drug is the self-administration procedure whereby animals can initiate intravenous injections of the test substance, something they readily do with prototypic drugs...

Preclinical assessment of drug abuse and dependence has been the subject of several recent regulatory guidelines. Both the European and US authorities recommend a tiered approach and are generally aligned on the methods which should be used. The first tier simply compares the pharmacology of the novel substance to known drugs of abuse. The second tier aims to identify abuse and dependence liabi...

Nonclinical assessment of drug abuse and dependence is the subject of several recent regulatory guidelines, which are generally aligned on the methods to be employed. The most direct approach to assessing reinforcing properties of a drug is the self-administration procedure whereby animals can initiate intravenous injections of the test substance, something they readily do with prototypic drugs...

همدقم : ي رييغت يديئوريت ياهنومروه نازيم نيفرم هب هتسباو دارفا رد هتفا تـسا هدـش شرازـگ ديئوريت و زيفوپيه سوملااتوپيه روحم تيلاعف صوصخ رد يتوافتم جياتن و . رد غت هعلاطم نيا يي لاعف تار ي ت هدغ ت ي ئور ي ول نمزم و داح زيوجت اب د تفرگ رارق يسررب دروم نيفرم عطق مئلاع رب نيسكوريتو . شور اه : 42 رد غلاب رن يهاگشيامزآ ديفس شوم 6 دش هدافتسا هورگ . نيسكوريتوول هدننك تفايرد ياههورگ يقافص لخاد mg/...