Oil spills threaten the productivity of ecosystems through the degradation of coastal flora and the ecosystem services these plants provide. While lab and field investigations have quantified the response of numerous species of emergent vegetation to oil, the effects on submerged vegetation remain uncertain. Here, we discuss the implications of oil exposure for Ruppia maritima, one of the most ...

Solid substrate cultures of moulds behave in quite a difTerent way to conventional submerged cultures. Catabolic repression often observed in submerged fermentation can easily be overcome by using solid state fermentation. A. niger strains can be grown by SSF technique with the following advantages: enzyme titres and productivity are usually higher; there is a tendency to early enzyme excretion...

Marked differences in surface characteristics were observed among three types of single-cell propagules produced by the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) revealed the presence of bundles or fascicles in aerial conidia absent from in vitro blastospores and submerged conidia. Contact angle measurements using polar and apolar test liquids placed on cell laye...

Purpose. To investigate peri-implant alveolar bone changes using periapical radiographs before and after prosthetic delivery in submerged and nonsubmerged dental implants. Methods. Digital periapical films of 60 ITI Straumann nonsubmerged dental implants and 60 Xive Dentsply submerged dental implants were taken before, immediately after, and 12 and 24 weeks after the prosthetic restoration was ...

The growth kinetics of Aspergillus nidulans, Mucor hiemalis and Penicillium chrysogenum on solid media and in submerged culture were studied. Growth of A. nidulans colonies on solid medium can be divided into the four phases of lag, exponential, deceleration and constant growth rate. The growth kinetics of A. nidulans in submerged culture were similar to those commonly found for unicellular mic...

AIM The aim of this study was to document the influence of healing type on the marginal bone loss around dental implants placed in the anterior mandible. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 48 edentulous patients rehabilitated with 96 Astra Tech dental implants left to either submerged or nonsubmerged healing were included in the study group. The patients were examined in consecutive routine rec...

Pool and weir is a type of fishway that provides a route for fish to migrate to damupstream. The effective parameters for fish swimming include velocity, water depth andturbulence. Several rubber dams have been under construction in Mazandaran Province, butthe necessary structures have not been built around them yet. When constructing these rubberdams, numerical models can be used to evaluate f...

We present the bidirectional reflectance of a Labsphere calibration plaque, both dry and submerged in water, at normal illumination. The measurements indicate that when submerged in water, the Labsphere calibration plaque has a higher reflectance value than when dry at viewing angles below 55 degrees . The results are presented in the form of a reflectance factor and are useful for calibrating ...

Background. The decline of submerged plant populations due to high heavy metal (e.g., Cu) levels in sediments and ammonia nitrogen (ammonia-N) accumulation in the freshwater column has become a significant global problem. Previous studies have evaluated the effect of ammonia-N on submerged macrophytes, but few have focused on the influence of sediment Cu on submerged macrophytes and their combi...