Epidemiology Goiter: In iodine-deficient areas, goiter prevalence may be as high as 80%. After correction of iodine deficiency, prevalence decreases slowly over a generation’s time to but not below a few per cent. In iodine-sufficient areas, cross-sectional studies showed a decline in frequency of diffuse goiter and, in contrast, an increase of thyroid nodules and thyroid antibodies with age. F...

OBJECTIVE To conduct an endoscopic and histologic analysis of the subglottic effects of various carbon dioxide laser-induced injuries in the rabbit model. DESIGN Animals were assigned to either a control (cricothyroidotomy only) group or 4 (cricothyroidotomy and posterior subglottic laser) groups that were injured using varying systematically controlled carbon dioxide laser power exposures (5...

BACKGROUND Many authors have claimed that hyperthyroidism protects against thyroid cancer and believed that the incidence of malignancy is lower in patients with toxic multinodular goiter (TMG) than in those with non-toxic multinodular goiter. But in recent studies, it was reported that the incidence of malignancy with TMG is not as low as previously thought. AIM To compare the thyroid cancer...

BACKGROUND Tracheobronchopathia osteochondroplastica is a rare benign and often indolent disease. We report the first case of tracheobronchopathia osteochondroplastica (TBO) presenting as acute hypercarbic respiratory failure due to superimposed subglottic submucosal abscess. CASE REPORT A 27-year-old man presented to the emergency department in respiratory distress that required mechanical v...

PURPOSE To assess the efficacy of subglottic secretion drainage in preventing ventilator-associated pneumonia. METHODS We performed a comprehensive, systematic meta-analysis of randomized trials that have compared subglottic secretion drainage with standard endotracheal tube care in mechanically ventilated patients. Studies were identified by a computerized database search, review of bibliogr...

The usefulness of selective embolization thyroid arteries in the treatment voluminous goiters is reported on a 55-year-old patient with grade 3 goiter. Selective arteriography was used to embolize arteries. Radiological reduced volume goiter significantly, resolving compressive symptoms, improving dysphonia and respiratory mechanics, maintaining normal function. before resection can successfull...

Acquired subglottic stenosis (a SGS) continues to pose great challenge to patients and clinicians due to lack of effective treatment strategies. Our understanding in pathophysiology of a SGS has significantly advanced in the past decades; however, much still remains to be elucidated. The purpose of this review is to describe current state of research in acquired subglottic stenosis, and discuss...

Fetal goiter is an uncommon, serious problem during pregnancy. Careful routine antenatal ultrasound screening can find out an intrauterine fetal goiter. Fetal goiter has an incidence of 1:40000 live births (1). 80% of cases are caused by dysgenesis of the thyroid gland. The rest 5% and 15% are due to hypothalamohypophyseal abnormalities and dyshormonogenesis, respectively. 8% of cases are due t...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the role of targeted cyclooxygenase-2 inhibition in reducing scarring associated with a subglottic airway mucosal injury. DESIGN Thirty-four New Zealand white rabbits underwent anterior cricothyroidotomy. Subglottic stenosis (SGS) was created by carbon dioxide laser injury. INTERVENTION Treatment consisted of intraperitoneal injection of celecoxib or vehicle for 4 days...