Dark pools are equity trading systems that do not publicly display orders. Orders in dark pools are matched within the exchange bid-ask spread without a guarantee of execution. Informed traders are more likely to cluster on the heavy side of the market and therefore face a lower execution probability in the dark pool, relative to uninformed traders. Consequently, exchanges are more attractive t...

The thermodynamics of self-assembling systems are discussed in terms of the chemical interactions and the intermolecular forces between species. It is clear that there are both theoretical and practical limitations on the dimensions and the structural regularity of these systems. These considerations are made with reference to the microphase separation that occurs in block copolymer (BCP) syste...

Brian Batell, Maxim Pospelov, 3 and Brian Shuve Pittsburgh Particle Physics, Astrophysics, and Cosmology Center, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Waterloo, ON N2J 2W9, Canada Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 ...

Using the field theoretical approach introduced by Cremades, Ibáñez and Marchesano for describing open strings attached to D9 branes having different magnetizations, we give a procedure for determining the Kähler metrics of those open strings in toroidal compactifications. Work partially supported by the European Community’s Human Potential Programme under contract MRTN-CT-2004-005104 “Constitu...

This paper explores the driving mechanisms for structural transitions of atomic clusters between oblate and prolate isomers. We employ the hyperspherical coordinates to investigate structural dynamics of a seven-atom cluster at a coarse-grained level in terms of the dynamics of three gyration radii and three principal axes, which characterize overall mass distributions of the cluster. Dynamics ...

Using transverse magnetic tweezers, we studied the dynamics of DNA compaction induced by hexaammine cobalt chloride under constant forces. Discontinuous DNA compaction events were found for forces ranging from 0.5 to 1.7 pN, with approximately 270 nm DNA adsorbed in each compaction event. Forces larger than 6 pN were found able to unravel the toroid in a similar intermittent stepwise manner. Th...

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Recent advances in molecular force measurements have resulted in the quantification of the nanomechanical properties of single molecular bonds, and elucidated novel relationships between molecular architecture and biomolecular adhesion. The measured forces to rupture single intermolecular bonds revealed novel and unexpected ways that proteins respond to mechanical force. Measurement of the magn...

where x is a vector of displacements of structural coordinates, M is a positive definite mass matrix, C is a non-negative definite damping matrix, and K is a non-negative definite stiffness matrix. The nonlinear restoring forces are given in R(x, ẋ) and f ext(t) is a vector of external dynamic loads. At any point in time, t = ti+1 = (i+ 1)h, we may solve for the accelerations in terms of the di...