Ground Motion Definition Earthquake events and realized earthquake ground motions are extremely uncertain even with the present knowledge, and it is not easy to predict forthcoming events precisely both in time and frequency (Anderson and Bertero, 1987; Takewaki et al., 1991; 2013; 2011a; Conte et al., 1992; Ariga et al., 2006; Minami et al., 2013; Çelebi et al., 2014). For example, recently re...

Practical optimization methods including genetic algorithms are introduced, based on evolutionary computing or soft computing. Several application examples are presented to demonstrate and discuss the efficiency and applicability of the described methods.

Design tasks in structural engineering have always involved the use of constraints to formulate design requirements. Most existing algorithms for constraint satisfaction require input consisting of binary constraints on variables that have discrete values. Such restrictions limit their use in structural engineering since typical structural design tasks involve discrete and numerical variables. ...

The state-of-the-art of progress of structural engineering over the last 50 years is examined in three areas: (1) The spatial idealization of structural elements in the form of kinematical assumptions; (2) The constitutive idealization of materials in the form of generalized stresses and generalized strains relations; and (3) The computational implications of solution strategy in the form of cl...

The degree to which engineering and social justice as fields of practice are (in)commensurable remains an open question. To illuminate important dimensions of that question, we explore intersections between those fields and two macro-sociological frameworks. Those theoretical frameworks—structural functionalism and social conflict—represent contrasting perspectives on how society should be orga...

Philosophers, in most cases, do not deal with such dirty things as technology. They prefer to discuss the rationality of animal rationale instead of the products of homo faber. Scientists, in most cases, look down on technology as a kind of scienceless application of science; only if they need some sophisticated new measuring instruments do they accept technology as an auxiliary science. All th...

This paper focuses on detecting arithmetic components in large gate-level circuits using cut enumeration and structural analysis. It is based on the assumption that adder trees, the key part of arithmetic components, are represented using halfand full-adders, whose boundaries can be traced down to individual nodes present in the gatelevel circuit structure. The proposed method detects the eleme...

Structural engineers face significant challenges in the 21 st century and among them, global environmental challenges must be a priority for our profession. On a planet with finite natural resources and an ever-growing built environment, engineers of the future must consider the environmental, economic, and social sustainability of structural design. To achieve a more sustainable built environm...

The civil engineering problems are not repetitive, as the problem definition is always influenced by a number of factors like financial modes, importance of structure and site conditions and so on. Therefore, although the use of computers in structural analysis started almost four decades ago, the profession has not been able to make use of computers fully, especially, for structural design and...

*Department of Informatics, Kansai University, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1095, Japan [email protected] **Graduates School of Informatics, Kansai University, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1095, Japan [email protected] *** Department of Informatics, Kansai University, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1095, Japan [email protected] Department of Civil, Environmental and Architectural ...