This study examines experimentally, in situ, the influence of four scales of heterogeneity (0, 1, 10, 100 mm) and the hierarchical combination of those scales of heterogeneity (0 + 1 + 10, 0 + 1 + 100, 0 + 10 + 100, 0 + 1 + 10 + 100 mm) on the early establishment of a sessile marine littoral epibenthic community. The study was carried out in St. Andrews, New Brunswick (Canada) from July to Octo...

In this paper we aim at an analog characterization of the classical P 6= NP conjecture of Structural Complexity. We consider functions over continuous real and complex valued variables. Subclasses of functions can be defined using Laplace transforms adapted to continuous-time computation, introducing analog classes DAnalog and NAnalog. We then show that if DAnalog 6= NAnalog then P 6= NP .

We propose entangled (M+1)-mode quantum states as a multiuser quantum channel for continuous-variable communication. Arbitrary quantum states can be sent via this channel simultaneously to M remote and separated locations with equal minimum excess noise in each output mode. For a set of coherent-state inputs, the channel realizes optimal symmetric 1-->M cloning at a distance ("telecloning"). It...