During continuous veno-venous hemodialysis with regional citrate anticoagulation, ionized calcium (iCa) measurements in pre- and post-filter samples are used to adjust flows. Post-filter iCa target concentrations within a low range (0.25–0.34 mmol/L), blood gas analyzers (BGAs) mainly calibrated for physiological values (1.12–1.20 mmol/L). Bias between BGAs these low-value leads errors adjustin...

Particle passage from the reticulorumen (RR) depends on particle density and size. Forage particle density and size are related and change over time in the RR. Particle density mainly influences sorting in the reticulum, whereas particle size influences particle retention in the fibre mat of stratified rumen contents ('filter-bed' effect). We investigated these effects independently, by inserti...

A septic tank combined with a sand filter is the most common onsite wastewater treatment system worldwide, since it is a simple, lowcost and reliable treatment method. Alternatives to sand in filters could be advantageous in terms of availability of material and enhanced treatment properties. In this study, flow dynamics and pollutant transport in three filter materials; sand, pine bark and act...

In the rural areas around Oruro (Bolivia), untreated groundwater is used directly as drinking water. This research aimed to evaluate the general drinking water quality, with focus on arsenic (As) concentrations, based on analysis of 67 samples from about 16 communities of the Oruro district. Subsequently a filter using Iron Oxide Coated Sand (IOCS) and a filter using a Composite Iron Matrix (CI...

The center-of-mass system for many bodies in R admits a natural action of the rotation group SO(3). According to the orbit types for the SO(3) action, the center-of-mass system M is stratified into strata. A quantum Hamiltonian system and a classical Lagrangian system are defined on L(M) and on T (M), respectively. These systems are also stratified according to the stratification of M , and the...

Kalman information fusion filter is dealt with for WSNs (Wireless sensor networks), where multiplicative noises occur in the system model. There are l > 2 sub-systems, and for each sub-system, there are m > 2 observations that are sent through different wireless channel. Packet loss is inevitable for the wireless channel, and the optimal information fusion filter is given by the projection theo...

Let G be a stratified Lie group and L be the sub-Laplacian on G. Let 0 6= f ∈ S(R). We show that Lf(L)δ, the distribution kernel of the operator Lf(L), is an admissible function on G. We also show that, if ξf(ξ) satisfies Daubechies’ criterion, then Lf(L)δ generates a frame for any sufficiently fine lattice subgroup of G.