نتایج جستجو برای: stopping power
تعداد نتایج: 499755 فیلتر نتایج به سال:
A number of recent publications on small photon beam dosimetry aim at contributing to the understanding of the response of solid-state detectors in small fields. Some of them assign the difference in response to the mass density, or to the electron density, of the sensitive detector material relative to that of water. This work analyses the role of the mass and electron density ([Formula: see t...
Demand response plays a key role in saving energy expenditure for future smart grid systems. For a system with multiple users which have different energy consumption and real-time requirements, the scheduling problem is quite challenging. In this work, we propose a novel distributed opportunistic scheduling scheme based on the optimal stopping rule approach. Our objective is to minimize the tot...
In this study, the energy spectrum of beta-nickel 63 is considered as the total energy spectrum, average energy of the spectrum, and maximum spectral energy for analyzing the penetration depth of silicon. Monte Carlo calculations were carried out using a MCNPX code in a given geometry; in the following, Stopping-Power for electrons with different energies in silicon was calculated using the EST...
Single crystals of magnesium oxide containing nanoprecipitates of sodium were bombarded with swift ions ~;GeV-Pb, U! or cluster beams ~;20 MeV-C60! to study the phase change induced by electronic processes at high stopping power ~.10 keV/nm!. The sodium precipitates and the defect creation were characterized by optical absorption and transmission electron microscopy. The ion or cluster bombardm...
This paper uses Monte Carlo simulations to calculate the Spencer-Attix water/medium stopping-power ratios (sw, med) for the dosimetry of scanned proton pencil beams. It includes proton energies from 30 to 350 MeV and typical detection materials such as air (ionization chambers), radiochromic film, gadolinium oxysulfide (scintillating screens), silicon and lithium fluoride. Track-ends and partic...
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