The plant hormone salicylic acid (SA) is essential for local defense and systemic acquired resistance (SAR). When plants, such as Arabidopsis, are challenged by different pathogens, an increase in SA biosynthesis generally occurs through transcriptional induction of the key synthetic enzyme isochorismate synthase 1 (ICS1). However, the regulatory mechanism for this induction is poorly understoo...

During the first hours of chilling, bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L., cv Mondragone) seedlings suffer severe water stress and wilt without any significant increase in leaf abscisic acid (ABA) content (P. Vernieri, A. Pardossi, F. Tognoni [1991] Aust J Plant Physiol 18: 25-35). Plants regain turgor after 30 to 40 h. We hypothesized that inability to rapidly synthesize ABA at low temperatures contribu...

Stomata of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) leaves failed to open in the light and close in the dark or respond to changes in the CO(2) concentration of the atmosphere in either light or dark when the leaves were in an O(2)-free atmosphere. In contrast, the expected responses to environmental changes were found in atmospheres containing 1.5% O(2). It appears that O(2...

Microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) lead to the activation of the first line of plant defence. Few fungal molecules are universally qualified as MAMPs, and proteins belonging to the cerato-platanin protein (CPP) family seem to possess these features. Cerato-platanin (CP) is the name-giving protein of the CPP family and is produced by Ceratocystis platani, the causal agent of the canke...

EDITORIAL COMMITTEE: S. NEWCOMB, Mathematics; R. S. WOODWARD, Mechanics; E. C. PICKERING, Astronomy; T. C. MENDENHALL, Physics; R. H. THURSTON, Engineering; IRA REMSEN, Chemistry; J. LE CONTE, Geology; 'W. M. DAVIS, Physiography; 0. C. MARSH, Paleontology; W. K. BROKS, C. HART MERRIAM, Zoology; S. H. SCUIDDER, Entomology; C. E. BESSEY, N. L. BRITTON, Botany; HENRY F. OSBORN, General Biology; C....

tion, conservation of soil water may result in greater soil evaporation, especially if the top soil layers remain wetter, and the full benefit of sustained plant physiological activity will be lost. Therefore, the relative benefit of the two traits depends on temporal pattern in the rainfall and severity of the drying event. Experimental and simulation studies are presented in the book to indic...

The interactions between CO(2) and H(2)O vapor exchange of the leaf and respirant organs like stems were studied in tobacco plants. The results were analyzed according to a suggested model. Good agreement between open and closed system measurements supported the validity of the model.The measured over-all resistance to CO(2) of a leaf and a stem enclosed in a measuring cuvette was the same as t...

Micropropagation is a tool for large-scale reproduction of planting material viticulture sustainability. Successful micropropagation depends on the continued productivity plantlets during acclimatization phase. Due to high humidity in culture container and free water environment, it causes rapid loss drying with watery stems leaves, poorly developed cuticle, large intercellular space, incomplet...

to survey the effects of nutritional and growth regulator components on adverse effects of recent consecutive droughts, an experiment was conducted on uniform grape trees (vitisviniferal.clv.'khalili') in bavanat and shiraz (akbar-abad) regions in 2010- 2011.trial was arranged in a randomized complete blockdesign (rcbd), with three replication and five trees per each plot. experimental treatmen...