Electronic commerce is becoming one of the drivers of competition and is starting playing a role in industry structural change and in affecting the competitive advantage of companies. In this article it is showed how electronic commerce might affect the scientific, technical and medical (STM) publishing sector. More specifically the paper looks at the emergence of the electronic journal as a su...

The structure and local structural distortions, through the polarization manipulation, of crystalline films of ferroelectric vinylidene fluoride (70%) with trifluoroethylene (30%) [P(VDF-TrFE)] copolymer on graphite were studied by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). A quasi-spiral twist in C-C bonds with rotations about the polymer chain axis was observed by high-resolution STM, indicating a ...

Using empirical-potential and tight-binding models, we study the structure and stability of atomic-scale irradiation-induced defects on walls of carbon nanotubes. Since atomic vacancies are the most prolific but metastable defects which appear under low-dose, low temperature ion irradiation, we model the temporal evolution of single vacancies and vacancyrelated defects (which isolated vacancies...

We consider the problem of text representation and categorization. Conventionally, a text document is represented by a vector in high dimensional space. Some learning algorithms are then applied in such a vector space for text categorization. Particularly, Support Vector Machine (SVM) has received a lot of attentions due to its effectiveness. In this paper, we propose a new classification algor...

We present an electronic circuit that allows to calibrate and troubleshoot scanning probe microscopy (SPM) controllers with respect to their noise performance. The control signal in an SPM is typically highly nonlinear-the tunneling current in scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) varies exponentially with distance. The exponential current-versus-voltage characteristics of diodes allow to model t...

Theory predicts that the currents in scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and the attractive forces measured in atomic force microscopy (AFM) are directly related. Atomic images obtained in an attractive AFM mode should therefore be redundant because they should be similar to STM. Here, we show that while the distance dependence of current and force is similar for graphite, constant-height AFM a...

The STM tunneling through a quantum wire (QW) with a side-attached impurity (atom, island) is investigated using a tight-binding model and the nonequilibrium Keldysh Green function method. The impurity can be coupled to one or more QW atoms. The presence of the impurity strongly modifies the local density of states of the wire atoms, thus influences the STM tunneling through all the wire atoms....

Software Transactional Memory (STM) has the promise to avoid the common pitfalls of locks when writing thread-based concurrent programs. Many papers on the subject deal with low-level implementation details to support the efficient and concurrent execution of multiple transactions. We give a rule-based specification of Software Transactional Memory in terms of Constraint Handling Rules (CHR) wh...

To process a spatiotemporal pattern, a short-term memory (STM) is needed to maintain the pattern over time. In general, a STM for storing a temporal sequence of input items should possess characteristics such as acting as a rst-in-rst-out buuer, storing multiple items of the same type, and encoding interval-invariant and rate-invariant representations of the input items. Some of these character...

This report describes the design and construction of a Scanning Tunneling Microscope (STM). A Scanning Tunneling Microscope is a relatively new instrument in the field of surface science and has the capability of atomic resolution of surfaces. This report presents some background theory pertinent to the understanding of the STM. Theories of electron tunnefing, STM operation, and control theory ...