Hysteretic switching with a sub-kT/q steep slope (13 mV/decade at room temperature) is experimentally demonstrated in MOSFETs with PbZr0.52 Ti0.48O3 as a ferroelectric (FE) gate insulator, integrated on a silicon channel with a nonperovskite high-k dielectric (HfO2 ) as a buffer interlayer. The steep switching is independent of drain bias. For the first time, sub-kT/q switching due to FE negati...

In the quest for energy efficient circuits, considerable focus has been given to steep slope and polarity-controllable devices, targeting low supply voltages and reduction of transistor count. The recently proposed concept of the three-independent gated (TIG) Si-FinFETs with Schottkybarrier (SB) has proven to bring both functionalities even in a single device. However, the

People with disabilities face many obstacles in everyday outdoor travels. One of the most notable obstacles is steep slope on sidewalk segments. Current navigation systems/services do not all support map databases with slope attributes and cannot calculate sidewalk slope in real time. In this paper, we present a technique for calculating slopes of sidewalk segments by image data and predict the...

Taller children perform better on average on tests of cognitive achievement, in part because of differences in early-life health and net nutrition. Recent research documenting this height-achievement slope has primarily focused on rich countries. Using the India Human Development Survey, a representative sample of 40,000 households which matches anthropometric data to learning tests, this paper...

Geomorphic position often correlates with nutrient cycling across landscapes. In tropical forests, topography is known to influence phosphorus (P) availability, but its effect on nitrogen (N) cycling has received less exploration, especially in lowland forests where widespread N richness is frequently assumed. Here, we report significant effects of topographic slope and landscape position on mu...

We consider an overdamped Brownian particle in a well. When the particle escapes, it does so as an instanton, i.e., in one run and without dwelling anywhere on the way from the bottom of the well to the top of the barrier. For a sufficiently steep slope the instanton time equals the time it takes the particle to deterministically slide down the same slope. We show that the instanton time is als...

Self-similar profiles associated with capillary instability of a fluid thread of viscosity lh in surrounding fluid of viscosity h are obtained for 1 16 # l # 16 via a simplified numerical scheme. Universal similarity scaling is preserved despite an asymptotically large velocity in the pinching neck driven by nonlocal dynamics. The numerical results agree well with experimental measurements by C...

SUMMARY 1. The agamid lizard Stellio stellio L. accelerates quickly and reaches maximum speed over short distances. 2. Maximum speed on the level is proportional to body mass to the ^ power. This relation differs from predictions based on an interspecific scaling model of "geometric" similarity (M°) and is intermediate between predictions based on interspecific scaling models of "elastic" simil...