BACKGROUND The epidemiology identifies cyclic lumbar loading as a risk factor for cumulative trauma disorder. Experimental biomechanical and physiological confirmation is lacking. The objective of this study was to asses the impact of different rest durations applied between periods of cyclic loading on the development of an acute lumbar disorder which, if continued to be subjected to loading, ...

A dramatic increase in railway car axle loads has occurred over the past 50 years. This paper presents the results of an experimental program undertaken at the University of Manitoba to evaluate the structural performance and durability of treated timber bridge ties under different load levels. A portion of a prototype bridge deck, consisting of eight prototype timber ties, was tested under var...

In Java software, two important flexibility mechanisms are dynamic class loading and reflection. Unfortunately, the vast majority of static analyses for Java handle these features either unsoundly or overly conservatively. Our work targets techniques that will increase static analyses’ ability to handle dynamic features in a more precise