Programmable matter is a material that produces distinctive shapes or patterns according to a given command. Often they are composed of interconnected modular elements that are able to make or break the connections or alter relative orientation. We present programmable matter based on robotic origami that demonstrates the capability to fold into 3D shapes starting from a nominally 2D sheet. Thi...

For brushless motor drives, current control is often used to improve performance and reliability. This tutorial paper analyzes and compares various different schemes of electronic commutation and current control. Starting from a simple 6-step drive without current control, discussion will include bus current control, sinusoidal commutation, phase current control, and synchronous regulator. Rela...

We consider stochastic rotational dynamics of a macrospin at a constant temperature, in presence of an external magnetic field. Starting from the appropriate Langevin equation which contains multiplicative noise, we calculate entropy production (EP) along stochastic trajectories, and obtain fluctuation theorems. The system remains inherently out of equilibrium due to a spin torque supporting az...

The main objective of aerospace industry is to produce all electric aircraft (AEA) equipped by electrical devices in coming developments. Electrical machines that provide higher torque densities are gaining more interest for researchers obtain sustainable direct-drive propulsion system applications. In addition lesser weight and density, a machine should be “fault tolerant” applied A novel high...

Despite many advantages of BrushLess DC motor, torque pulsation is one of the most important disadvantages of it. At first, an optimum primary design of BLDC motor is done using PSO algorithm. Then, other parameters for reducing the torque pulsation are considered by finite element method. It is shown that fractional slot structure has many advantages than conventional one. Both cogging and rip...

This paper discusses how the switched reluctance generator (SRG) converts mechanical energy from wind via turbine into electrical energy as directed by an electronic controller. Starting with a review of the electromechanical energy conversion principles, the paper examines the implications of the energy conversion process on how the SRG is controlled. The structure of the SRG controller for sp...

In the nursery sector, transport and planting of trees must occur with roots wrapped in a ball original earth. The cutting soil can be carried out semicircular vibrating blade moved by an oscillator mounted on self-propelled machine. produces excitation torque supplied to together torque. advantage is reduction up 70%. However, correctly design oscillator, we need investigate link between maxim...

In conventional direct torque control (DTC) of induction machines, undesirable flux and torque ripples are produced. These occur since non of the selected inverter's voltage vectors are able to generate the exact voltage required to produce the desired changes in the electromagnetic torque and stator flux linkage in most of the switching instances. In addition, when direct torque control is imp...

The paper shows an algorithm for determining the load on electric motor of run-out conveyor starting from determination first moment no operation during slab conveying, slipping torque rollers along surface conveyed billet and ending with choice motor. It also covers strength calculations roller, which includes calculation moments forces acting roller its supports, static torsion strength, defl...

Here, a new fuzzy direct torque control algorithm for induction motors is proposed. As in the classical direct torque control, the inverter gate control signals directly come from the optimum switching voltage vector look-up table, the best voltage space vector selection is a key factor to obtain minimum torque and flux ripples. In the proposed approach, the best voltage space vector is sel...